Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

Yinghai Wang; Kedong Duan; Aihua Zhang; Yaping Lv; Dahai Cao

doi:10.1155/2021/6671121

Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

Wang, Yinghai;Duan, Kedong;Zhang, Aihua;Lv, Yaping;Cao, Dahai 2021-02-11 00:00:00 Hindawi Journal of Healthcare Engineering Volume 2021, Article ID 6671121, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671121 Research Article Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology 1 1 1 1 2 Yinghai Wang , Kedong Duan, Aihua Zhang, Yaping Lv, and Dahai Cao Internal Medicine Department, Dahua branch of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China Computer Tomography Room, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yinghai Wang; wangyingmei@alu.fudan.edu.cn Received 29 December 2020; Revised 20 January 2021; Accepted 1 February 2021; Published 11 February 2021 Academic Editor: Zhihan Lv Copyright © 2021 Yinghai Wang et al. *is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In recent years, with the progress of population ageing, the incidence of a stroke caused by spontaneous dissection of the cerebral artery also increases with time. In order to address the health damage caused by a stroke caused by spontaneous dissection of the cerebral artery and to study its eﬀect on human health, this article analyzes the incidence, type, electrocardiogram, and car- diovascular biomarker changes of cerebral infarction through statistical analysis and then discusses cerebral infarction. *e pathogenesis and prevention measures of the disease are expected to provide better means for the treatment of cerebral infarction. Based on the case investigation of patients with cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, a case template was constructed, and a damage assessment matrix was created using a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis method. Experimental results prove that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is a great threat to human health, and the fatality rate of patients is extremely high. Enhanced imaging technology is of great help to clinical and image analysis, with a correlation coeﬃcient of 0.87, compared with the other damage rate of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection which is about 15% higher than that of cerebral infarction caused by diﬀerent methods. Studies have found that there are great diﬀerences in the age of people with cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, and the patients are generally over 45 years old. *is shows that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection will cause great damage and aﬀect people’s health, which requires people’s attention. can improve the eﬃciency of vascular recanalization. *e 1. Introduction shorter the recanalization time, the better the clinical Cerebrovascular disease is the ﬁrst cause of death in my prognosis [2]. Patients with acute cerebral infarction should country and about 70% of cerebrovascular diseases are an be admitted to the stroke unit for standardized treatment. A ischemic stroke caused by acute brain artery obstruction. professional treatment team can greatly reduce the mortality *e incidence, mortality, and disability rate of the stroke are and recurrence rate of patients with cerebral infarction. relatively high. *e 75% of patients lost part of their Cerebral infarction is one of the more serious cerebro- workforce, bringing a great economic burden to the country vascular diseases. Cerebral infarction has the characteristics of and society [1]. *e treatment of cerebral infarction em- high incidence, high disability, and high fatality rate. *is not phasizes early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, only seriously endangers the public health and quality of life but and early recovery to improve the prognosis and reduce the also brings heavy social and economic burdens to the country degree of disability of patients. *e key to the treatment of and many families of patients [3]. Cerebral infarction is a cerebral infarction is vascular recanalization, which is ob- common and frequently occurring disease that seriously en- viously related to the improvement of clinical symptoms. dangers human health, with a high fatality rate and high dis- With the development of augmented reality technology, it ability rate, but there is no eﬀective treatment method currently. 2 Journal of Healthcare Engineering *is article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Current research shows that the incidence of cerebral infarction ranks ﬁrst in cerebrovascular diseases. Because the early pro- previous studies and then proposes a model of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection dromal symptoms of decreased blood supply to the brain tissue are not obvious, they usually manifest as dizziness and slight based on augmented reality technology. *is article mainly nausea, and these symptoms are often ignored by patients and describes the basic characteristics and composition of the eventually lead to cerebral infarction [4]. At present, many cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous dissection of the studies have shown that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection cerebral artery and the composition includes the use of a is related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction; that is, grid, the individual deﬁnition, the deﬁnition of status and spontaneous cerebral artery dissection leads to a decrease in the action, and the interaction between individuals. Explain. *e system objectively assessed the clinical relevance of spon- blood supply of local brain tissue and then local brain tissue ischemic necrosis, and cerebral infarction occurs. Cerebral taneous brain artery detection, explained the damage to the automatic dissection of the cerebral artery, and veriﬁed the infarction is not entirely caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. Studies have shown that the shedding of arterial preventive eﬀect of enhanced reality technology on the spontaneous stroke that was caused by the dissection of the plaque can also lead to the embolization of craniocerebral blood vessels and then cerebral infarction [5]. Experts at home and cerebral artery. abroad have also conducted many studies on cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. 2. Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Liu Dongmei believes that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is a very, very serious disease. It introduces the main Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on manifestations and causes of spontaneous cerebral artery dis- Augmented Reality Technology section and addresses the problems that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is prone to occur in the diagnosis, such as 2.1. Augmented Reality Technology. *e continuous devel- opment of advanced reality technology has deepened the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and carried out related science popularization. After the patients were replaced with concept of virtual practice. Basically, the practice of en- hanced reality technology continues to transform things into spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, they believed that treatment should be carried out in the early stage of symptoms to objective reality into digital image symbols through pho- reduce the possible risk of patients [6] (Bian Yang). *e clinical toelectric and others and then express them in a virtual and image analysis of dissection analyzes the classiﬁcation of space. However, unlike the usual virtual practice, the patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, classiﬁes practice in augmented reality makes the practice subject completely immersed in a virtual environment that can them according to gender, age, and so on and collects relevant information. It is believed that compared with cerebral infarc- obtain real feelings, and through sophisticated sensing technology, people can obtain vision, hearing, touch, and tion, the grade of patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is lighter. Generally, there are no problems such as smell that are the same as reality [9]. And the comprehensive feeling of kinesiology and then the motion tracker of various cerebral infarction and cerebral sclerosis. However, under the inﬂuence of external force, spontaneous cerebral artery dissec- parts of the human body will feedback the subject’s feedback tion will be induced, which will cause the patient to change to into the virtual space. [10]. cerebral artery dissection and cause the complications of cerebral Augmented reality technology has brought about infarction. For this situation, it is recommended that early di- changes in human working life, entertainment and leisure, and practices. It has also brought about social issues such as agnosis, early detection, early treatment, platelet aggregation, and anticoagulation therapy can be used to eﬀectively prevent excessive indulgence, health eﬀects, violence, and value orientation and has spawned the evolution of the ﬁeld of and treat [7]; Zhang Xiao chose to study acute cerebral infarction caused by cerebral artery dissection in the past 5 years. In the philosophy. *e traditional philosophy of technology tends to study the various social eﬀects of technology, but at the case of cerebral infarction, the characteristics of cerebral in- farction caused by cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, and same time the development of technology will also have an impact on the philosophy system [11]. Aﬀected by aug- the infarct location and mechanism of the patient were analyzed. Zhang Xiao chose to study acute cerebral infarction caused by mented reality technology, branches of philosophical ﬁelds cerebral artery dissection in the past 5 years. In the case of such as artiﬁcial intelligence philosophy, virtual reality cerebral infarction, the characteristics of cerebral infarction philosophy, and artiﬁcial life philosophy continue to appear. caused by cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, and the *e philosophical issues generated by augmented reality technology involve many ﬁelds such as practical theory, infarct location and mechanism of the patient were analyzed, and the relevant special diagnosis of the patient, such as gender, media theory, epistemology, ethics, and sociology. Its unique technical characteristics and practical methods have pro- age, type of cerebral artery dissection, and dissection location, was done. A detailed record was made, and the pathogenesis and duced diﬀerent depths of utility in multiple disciplines [12]. *e characteristics of augmented reality technology have characteristics of cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the study [8]. *ese studies have a caused philosophers to refocus on some traditional philo- sophical theories, such as the study of ontology and thinking certain reference basis for this article. However, due to insuf- ﬁcient samples of these studies, too much emphasis on theories, about the nature of the world. Some brand-new philo- and unreasonable practical schemes, the research has too many sophical ideas have emerged at the historic moment. In view of the technical characteristics of augmented reality that can variables and the conclusions are unconvincing. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 3 construct a brand-new virtual environment, some scholars cause is currently unclear. Studies have conﬁrmed that the have put forward the idea that “computing” is the essence of inner rubber membrane and the middle rubber membrane of the brain artery dissection have suﬀered damage, but the the world. For example, the American philosopher Steinhart proposed digital metaphysics; Zhai Zhenming, a philosophy speciﬁc pathological mechanism remains unclear. Cerebral professor at Sun Yat-sen University in my country, proposed arterial dissection is often missed due to the diﬃculty in a new ethics, “world-making ethics,” and so on. Facing the recognizing imaging features. With the development of continuous innovation of technology, philosophical think- medical imaging technology, the diagnosis rate of cerebral ing cannot stop but should lead and correct the new arterial dissection has been improved, and there are more technology [13]. and more reports on cerebral arterial dissection. Cerebral Since the advent of the Internet, virtual practice and artery dissection clinically mainly manifests as headache or augmented reality technology have attracted much atten- symptoms related to cerebral infarction, subarachnoid tion. *rough virtual practice and enhanced reality tech- hemorrhage, and compression symptoms. Studies have nology, humanity has transcended material production shown that patients with cerebral artery dissection can in- crease the incidence of clinical events through arterial-ar- practice, social practice, and scientiﬁc practice, expanded the ﬁeld of practice, increased knowledge objects, and improved terial embolism. And because the thrombus in the dissecting practical ability. *e development of augmented reality artery is a white thrombus with abundant platelets, anti- technology has added new vitality to virtual practice. If coagulation and antiplatelet aggregation treatments are virtual practice is a practice that creates possibilities, then recommended clinically [6]. Anatomically, due to the lack of augmented reality practice is a practice that transforms any adequate supporting tissues such as the development of possibility into reality [14]. In the virtual environment, any muscle ﬁbers in the cerebral artery wall, the intracranial condition becomes controllable. Human beings are no dissecting aneurysm is more common than the cerebral longer restricted by physiological, natural, and social factors artery dissection, and it is more common in the verte- and get rid of the shackles of material conditions. *e digital brobasilar system. Once the intracranial dissecting aneu- symbol in the unit of bit abstracts the original concrete thing. rysm is ruptured, it leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, seriously endangers health, and is even directly threatening- In reality, the function of the thing is separated from the material carrier of the thing, and its function can be used life. *erefore, a high degree of vigilance is required clini- alone anytime and anywhere without being restricted by the cally. Once a cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm ruptures, material carrier. *is is no exception for humans. Aug- there is a high chance of rebleeding, so it usually requires mented reality pulls human senses and consciousness out of surgery or interventional treatment: the body, realizing truly beyond the limitations of time and 0.8 2.057f∗ (v∗ p) space: α � , 0.2 4 4 t t 1 2 q � β∗ z∗ 􏼢􏼒 􏼓 − 􏼒 􏼓 􏼣, (2) 􏽳�� 100 100 2 2 a − a 􏼁 + 􏼐a − a 􏼑 + a − a 􏼁 (1) x1 x− 1 y1 y− 1 z1 z− 1 T � . Q � A T − T 􏼁 . n m n *ere are corresponding imaging diagnostic guidelines For the application of augmented reality in the industrial for the early diagnosis of cerebral artery dissection, but there ﬁeld, Ian White, the responsible editor of the manufacturing is no relevant guide or consensus on the best choice for the section of the “Engineering” website, once said, “Factory treatment of cerebral artery dissection. Clinicians generally planning, automation, assembly, maintenance, and training treat the disease based on their own experience and expertise can all beneﬁt from augmented reality [15].” With the and select individualized treatment plan based on the spe- continuous advancement of technology, augmented reality ciﬁc condition of the patient. Intracranial artery dissections has become a practical tool for the manufacturing industry. mostly occur in the vertebrobasilar artery, especially pos- Goldman Sachs Global Investment once predicted in a re- terior circulation dissecting aneurysms, which are more port that, by 2025, the revenue from augmented reality prone to rupture and hemorrhage, which is extremely life- technology in the industrial sector will reach approximately threatening. *e treatment tends to be actively interven- US$4.7 billion. *is is undoubtedly a contribution to aug- tional or surgical treatment. Due to the diﬃculty of the mented reality technology. *e best value for industrial use posterior fossa surgical approach, active interventional is aﬃrmed. Augmented reality can not only restrain the cost therapy is the main treatment to stop bleeding quickly and and integration of manufacturing [16] but also improve the prevent rebleeding [19]. eﬀect of industrial design and the eﬃciency of training skills. Augmented reality is the most likely to bring forth one of the technologies of the subindustrial revolution; the industry 4.0 2.3. Cerebral Infarction. Cerebral infarction, also known as era has come to us [17]. ischemic stroke, is caused by limited cerebral ischemic necrosis or softening of brain tissue due to insuﬃcient ce- 2.2. Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection. Cerebral artery rebral blood supply, hypoxia, and ischemia. *e most widely dissection is a relatively rare disease in clinical practice [18]. used classiﬁcation of cerebral infarction is TOAST classiﬁ- *e speciﬁc cause is currently unknown and the particular cation, which is divided into 5 types: large artery 4 Journal of Healthcare Engineering play an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic stroke, small artery occlusive stroke, car- diogenic cerebral embolism, and ischemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis. *ese patients may have coronary athero- sclerosis and atherosclerosis before cerebral infarction. other reasons, Unexplained ischemic stroke, including large atherosclerotic stroke, namely, large atherosclerotic stenotic Myocardial ischemia induces or aggravates the abnormali- cerebral infarction, often leads to more serious conse- ties of ECG and cardiovascular biomarkers when the body is quences. Cerebral infarction is a short-term hypokinesia in stressed [24]. the middle of the left ventricular wall caused by brain damage, with or without abnormal ventricular wall motion at the apex, and these abnormalities are completely restored 2.4. Clinical Medicine. With the rapid development of digital medical care, electronic health data is increasing in the subsequent course of the disease syndrome [20]. exponentially. How to make full use of the massive medical Cerebral infarction is mainly manifested by changes in and health big data to improve the level and quality of electrocardiogram and abnormal cardiovascular bio- medical and health services is one of the hot topics of markers. *e changes in ECG are the most common and current research. In order to ensure that early related obvious signs. It has been reported that 26%–73% of patients functional exercises can be carried out after cerebral in- after cerebral infarction will have ECG changes, mainly including ischemic. Changes and arrhythmias, ischemic farction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection and reduce related postoperative complications, it is nec- changes manifested as ST-T changes, acute myocardial in- farction, pseudo myocardial infarction, and so on; ar- essary to ensure the stability of the internal ﬁxation, and the choice of treatment options for cerebral infarction caused rhythmia manifested as QT interval prolongation, U wave, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular premature by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is not classiﬁed. In addition, consideration should also be given to age, beats, atrial premature beats, paroxysmal atrial ﬁbrillation, damage, and other related comorbidities. For young pa- and so on, among which ischemic changes have the highest tients, conservative treatment and surgical treatment can incidence; and one or several ECG abnormal changes can achieve better results. For elderly patients, it is recom- occur in the same patient [21]. mended that conservative treatment requires a stage of Diﬀerent parts of the brain injury can have diﬀerent ECG debridement and drainage. After the wound is closed and changes because the brain has a direct regulatory eﬀect on the heart. *e insula has a representative area of the heart, and there are no obvious signs of infection, second-stage sur- gical treatment is performed. With further analysis of the damage to the insula can aﬀect visceral activities. In addition, the lateral and posterior regions of the hypothalamus can treatment of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection-in- duced cerebral infarction in the augmented reality tech- cause cardiac hyperresponsiveness. *e medulla oblongata is the high-level center of breathing and heartbeat, and the nology, it is found that a good prognosis of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection-induced cerebral infarction is central gray matter of the midbrain can directly regulate the important for the follow-up rehabilitation which also plays heart. Damage can cause diﬀerent types of arrhythmias [22]. an important role [25]. *e mechanism of cerebral infarction may be related to Due to poor blood supply to the brain, postoperative the central dysfunction of the hypothalamus, brainstem reticular structure, and limbic system (insula, etc.). In the complications are mostly divided into early complications and long-term complications. *e former mainly includes acute phase of cerebral infarction, cerebral edema leads to increased intracranial pressure, which makes blood circu- incision skin necrosis and incision infection, while the latter mainly includes abnormal healing and traumatic lation disorders in the brain, hypothalamic edema, dis- placement, or ischemia and even aﬀects the extensive and inﬂammation, which have serious impact. *erefore, in the surgical treatment of cerebral infarction caused by spon- complex connection ﬁbers between the hypothalamus and taneous cerebral artery dissection, it is necessary not only the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem and causes au- to make relevant preoperative preparations, to choose the tonomic nervous system dysfunction and impaired cardiac correct surgical method and surgical approach, but also to nerve mediation. In addition, in patients with acute cerebral reduce the surgical trauma under the premise of restoring infarction, the sympathetic nerve is excited. When the reduction. *e curative eﬀect is improved and the patient’s sympathetic nerve is excited, a large amount of catechol- amines are released, which will accumulate in the myo- pain is relieved. After treatment, relevant prognostic treatment should be done to prevent various complications cardial tissue and cause secondary myocardial damage. *is transmitter increases the excitability of cardiomyocytes and [26]. Augmented reality technology is the main development causes arrhythmia. Sinus tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia can occur when acting on slow-reacting cells, goal of technology realization and function realization [27]. In the current medical environment and actual rehabilita- and atrial (ventricular) arrhythmia can occur when acting on tion treatment, how to understand and transform the ex- fast-reacting cells. Vascular endothelial cells increase the pectations and needs of users more comprehensively, and synthesis and secretion of endothelin and decrease the how to integrate the form and structure of the product and synthesis of nitric oxide, which further aggravates coronary function more in line with the needs of users are the focus of artery spasm and myocardial ischemia [23]. At the same augmented reality technology. Its application in clinical time, most patients with cerebrovascular disease have other risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes. *ese factors medicine conforms to the following formula: Journal of Healthcare Engineering 5 M � , Gender (x + i + 1) Age of visit D − L + 1 􏼁 A A P � L + 􏼢 􏼣 × C (d) + 1, LA A skip Symptoms at visit C (d) skip 􏽲�� Auxiliary examination 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 d􏼐x , x 􏼑 � 􏼒 x − x + x − x + ... + x − x 􏼓. i j 􏼌 i1 j1􏼌 􏼌 i2 j2􏼌 􏼌 in jn􏼌 Figure 1: Experimental inspection items. (3) 􏽶�� For the characteristics of the medical system, we have improved the relevant calculation functions: d � 􏽘 w ∗ r − uq 􏼁 , n nm m f(i) � x + x y + x y + x y , 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 m�1 2 2 2 N r N r N r 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 W � + + N d + + N d ∗ 0.1 + N. 􏼠 􏼡 2 2 3 3 d � , (5) 2 2 2 3 1 + d r , uq (4) 􏽶�� a�x 2 􏽐 Rf W c 􏼁􏼁 − Rf W c 􏼁􏼁 􏼁 a 0 a a�1 P � . a�x 2 3. ClinicalandImagingExperimentsofCerebral 􏽐 RfW c 􏼁􏼁 0 a a�1 Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection 4. Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral 3.1. Research Objects. Taking patients with cerebral infarc- tion caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection in a Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral city hospital as experimental subjects, collecting their clinical Artery Dissection data (gender, age at diagnosis or diagnosis, clinical symp- 4.1.DistributionofPatients. We collected statistics on people toms and signs at admission, auxiliary examinations in- cluding seven respiratory virus antigen tests, T lymphocytes who had undergone treatment for cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection in city hospitals subpopulation testing, allergen testing, ﬁberoptic bron- choscopy, BALF cytology count, lung function, lung CT, and classiﬁed them according to factors such as age and gender. We hope to ﬁnd out the characteristics and regu- etc.), follow-up by telephone consultation and outpatient treatment. Performing retrospective analysis on the collected larities of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral data and drawing conclusions are shown in Figure 1. artery dissection. *e speciﬁc patient data are shown in Table 1. According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, we can see that the 3.2. Experimental Purpose. *rough the follow-up investi- probability of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous gation of the patients, it is known whether the patient’s cerebral artery dissection is diﬀerent between diﬀerent ages. condition is eﬀectively controlled after the treatment of the *e population of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery cerebral artery dissection is mainly distributed in the young dissection and whether the control eﬀect is obvious. We and middle-aged, namely, 45 years old. In the following, of a study the integrated medical system of the clinical disease total of about 540 people, accounting for more than the and the brain block damage syndrome caused by sponta- general population of this survey, and for people over 60 neous dissection of the cerebral artery and provide a report years old, the number of radius fractures is about 150, ac- on the treatment of the immune system caused by a counting for about 17% of the total number. *is indicates rheumatoid agent. that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people, and related treatment methods should also be tilted 3.3. Statistics. All data analysis in this article adopts SPSS19.0 statistical test adopts two-sided test; signiﬁcance is towards the side. We have investigated patients with other deﬁned as 0.05, and p< 0.05 is considered as signiﬁcant. *e causes of cerebral infarction, as shown in Table 2. statistical results are displayed as mean± standard deviation From Figure 4, we can see that, unlike spontaneous (x± SD). When the test data complies with the normal cerebral artery dissection caused by cerebral infarction, the distribution, the double T test is used for comparison within age of cerebral infarction in general patients is too old, and the group, and the independent sample T test is used for more than 70% of them are over 45 years old, while comparison between the groups. If the regular distribution is spontaneous cerebral artery dissection causes cerebral in- insuﬃcient, two independent samples and two related farction. *e age distribution is relatively uniform, and there samples will be used for inspection. *e calculation formula are many young and middle-aged patients. *is is because is as follows: the triggers of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous Cerebral infarction 6 Journal of Healthcare Engineering Table 1: Cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. Very severe Extremely serious Age Minor cerebral infarction General cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction cerebral infarction infarction 0–12 3 8 11 7 8 13–26 66 88 31 47 18 27–45 57 61 99 36 26 46–60 32 91 87 53 13 Over60 27 42 51 21 9 88 91 0–12 13–26 27–45 46–60 Over 60 Age distribution Severe cerebral infarction Minor cerebral infarction Figure 2: Population distribution. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 30 99 20 42 91 10 21 Degree of cerebral infarction Over 60 13–26 46–60 0–12 27–45 Figure 3: Age distribution of radius fractures. cerebral artery dissection are diﬀerent from other cerebral treatment, platelet aggregation treatment, vascular medical infarctions. Cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous ce- treatment, and the method of augmented reality technology rebral artery dissection is generally caused by external used in this article. We make statistics on the current factors, so the age change is not obvious. treatment population; the detailed data is shown in Table 3. From Figure 5, we can see that, for the vast majority of patients, using augmented reality technology in conjunction 4.2. Treatment Methods. For cerebral infarction caused by with other treatment methods is not the ﬁrst choice. *is is spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, the current treat- because this method requires more steps and is less severe to ment methods include drug treatment, anticoagulation cerebral infarction. People who are more inclined to choose Number of people Number of people Minor cerebral infarction General cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction Extremely serious infarction Journal of Healthcare Engineering 7 Table 2: Other causes of cerebral infarction. Extremely serious Age Minor cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction infarction 0–12 1 1 2 4 1 13–26 17 22 26 15 14 27–45 42 35 47 39 33 46–60 47 52 49 53 59 Over 60 63 67 72 61 54 60 61 30 53 59 52 49 0 11 2 1 Minor General Severe Very severe Extremely cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral serious infarction infarction infarction infarction infarction Degree of cerebral infarcton 27–45 13–26 0-12 Over 60 46–60 Figure 4: Age distribution of radius fractures. Table 3: Diﬀerence in treatment. *rombolytic Anticoagulant Platelet Vascular medicine Augmented reality therapy therapy aggregation therapy treatment technology Minor cerebral infarction 3 29 47 31 21 Cerebral infarction 1 21 51 26 13 Severe cerebral infarction 26 54 63 47 19 Very severe cerebral infarction 5 19 27 29 15 Extremely serious infarction 2 36 19 26 12 medication or other treatment methods. However, with the mentioned in the article and carried out relevant statistics. development of time, augmented reality technology and According to the calculation results, the ﬁnal value is above treatment have been more and more accepted by people. We 0.8 for excellent healing eﬀect, and the value above 0.5 is have collected data from 2010 to 2019, as shown in Table 4. passed. *e speciﬁc statistical results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen from Figure 6 that over time, the treatment It can be seen from Figure 7 that the scores of the of cerebral infarction has also undergone certain changes. methods in this article are basically higher than those of Although conservative treatment is still the ﬁrst choice for other methods, and the stability and pain-free sensation are the treatment of cerebral infarction according to patients, in both above 0.8 points. Compared with other methods, the recent years, the use of augmented reality technology to combined treatment with augmented reality technology can cooperate with treatment has been recognized and tried by not only remain stable during treatment, but also perform more and more people, and the increase rate is about 18%, extremely well in other areas. *e prognostic treatment of which is gradually accepted by people. cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is also extremely important. For this, we have counted several important prognostic indicators, which are 4.3. Eﬀects of Diﬀerent Treatment Methods. For cerebral shown in Figure 8. infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, We can see from Figure 8 that, in terms of prognosis, the the treatment eﬀect is the most concerned issue for patients. use of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection to treat cerebral We have carried out quantitative calculations on diﬀerent infarction combined with treatment of cerebral infarction also treatment methods through the calculation models has many advantages in prognostic treatment, and its score is Number of people 8 Journal of Healthcare Engineering 50 180 30 120 19 19 10 60 13 20 29 31 –10 3 0 Degree of fracture Minor cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction Extremely serious infarction Figure 5: Radius fracture treatment. Table 4: Diﬀerence in treatment. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *rombolytic therapy 37 44 49 66 57 63 75 51 47 42 Anticoagulant therapy 19 21 27 33 51 47 41 39 46 41 Platelet aggregation therapy 67 72 79 69 88 109 97 89 81 76 Vascular medicine treatment 29 36 33 42 39 33 45 47 56 55 Augmented reality technology 1 3 9 15 13 17 23 26 33 37 120 70 79 47 75 45 72 42 67 39 63 37 33 33 33 60 30 51 51 47 2647 23 42 41 41 39 20 40 17 27 13 21 9 0 –10 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Years rombolytic therapy Platelet aggregation therapy Anticoagulant therapy Vascular medicine treatment Augmented reality technology Figure 6: *e diﬀerence in treatment in diﬀerent years. Table 5: Treatment eﬀect of radius fracture. Stability *alamus Brain stem Pain Cerebellum Recovery eﬀect *rombolytic therapy 0.537 0.887 0.528 0.71.8 0.642 0.516 Anticoagulant therapy 0.431 0.573 0.431 0.752 0.669 0.678 Platelet aggregation therapy 0.479 0.526 0.888 0.697 0.477 0.617 Vascular medicine treatment 0.539 0.643 0.542 0.573 0.681 0.854 Augmented reality technology 0.879 0.735 0.779 0.727 0.813 0.795 Number of people Numbei of people rombolytic therapy Anticoagulant therapy Platelet aggregation therapy Vascular medicine treatment Augmented reality technology Journal of Healthcare Engineering 9 1 3 Patients can improve or control the increase in blood 0.9 0.813 0.854 pressure and low-density lipoprotein through exercise or 2.5 0.8 0.795 0.678 0.7 changing their diet and reduce smoking or quit smoking, 0.681 0.642 0.669 0.617 0.6 which can eﬀectively prevent the occurrence of cerebral 0.516 0.5 1.5 0.477 infarction. In addition, high blood pressure and low-density 0.4 0.3 lipoprotein can also be used as predictors of cerebral in- 0.2 0.5 0.879 farction to detect the blood pressure and low-density li- 0.1 0.537 0.539 0.431 0.479 0 0 poprotein indicators of patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. If abnormalities are found and can be well controlled and improved, it may prevent the brain occur- rence of infarction. For clinical work, doctors can more simply and intuitively guide patients to prevent cerebral infarction after carotid artery stenosis, which is of great help Infarct treatment in preventing cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous Pain Brain stem cerebral artery dissection. Thalamus Stability In future studies on cerebral infarction caused by spon- Cerebellum Recovery effect taneous cerebral artery dissection, more assessment indicators of autonomic nerve function should be collected, such as Figure 7: Treatment eﬀect of diﬀerent methods. heart rate variability and changes in catecholamine concen- tration; in addition, evaluation of the central autonomic nervous system should also be included. It requires the joint 0.9 0.752 0.789 0.842 0.817 0.826 0.823 0.798 0.735 eﬀorts of neurology, cardiology, neuroimaging, neurophysi- 0.8 0.697 0.697 0.679 0.678 0.7 ology, and other disciplines to promote research in this ﬁeld, 0.573 0.617 0.669 0.479 0.559 0.542 0.6 0.526 with a view to formulating standardized treatment methods 0.478 0.5 0.435 0.431 0.431 for postcerebral infarction prevention and control, which will 0.4 improve cerebral infarction. *e clinical prognosis of patients 0.3 is very important to reduce mortality. 0.2 0.1 Data Availability Stability Flexibility Cerebral Recovery Pain Sequelae infarction effect No data were used to support this study. Index Thrombolytic therapy Conflicts of Interest Platelet aggregation therapy Augmented reality technology *e authors declare that they have no conﬂicts of interest. Anticoagulant therapy Vascular medicine treatment References Figure 8: Prognostic treatment score. [1] D. Liu, X. Xin, and J. Zhang, “A case of cerebral infarction- aortic dissection-related cerebral infarction caused by com- basically maintained above good. Although other methods plex etiology,” Frontiers of Medicine, vol. 10, no. 7, have their own advantages, in general, the cooperation of pp. 232-233, 2020. spontaneous cerebral artery dissection-induced cerebral in- [2] F. Li and S. Zhang, “One case report of cerebral infarction farction can play an important role in the treatment and caused by unilateral internal carotid artery dissection,” prognosis. Medical Information, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 191-192, 2018. [3] C. Wang, Z. He, J. Huang et al., “A case of cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery dissection after exercise,” 5. Conclusions Guangdong Medical Journal, vol. 37, no. 3, p. 163, 2016. [4] L. Wang, K. Jin, J. Wu et al., “A case of acute cerebral in- *is study mainly focused on changes in cardiovascular farction caused by spontaneous recanalization of athero- biomarkers. 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Zhou, “Eﬃcacy analysis of emergency endo- due to the small sample size of this study and the large vascular stenting for acute cerebral infarction caused by ca- number of groups, the reliability of the research results needs rotid artery dissection,” Stroke and Nervous Diseases, vol. 27, to be veriﬁed by a larger sample size. no. 4, pp. 97–99+115, 2020. Score value Score value Thrombolytic therapy Anticoagulant therapy Platelet aggregation therapy Vascular medicine treatment Augmented reality technology 10 Journal of Healthcare Engineering [7] K. Zhao, J. Wang, Y. Fang et al., “*e prognosis and inﬂu- analysis of cerebrovascular angiography results,” Laboratory Medicine and Clinics, vol. 19, no. 307, pp. 66–68, 2017. encing factors of unruptured intracranial spontaneous ver- tebral artery dissecting aneurysm with stent reconstruction [23] L. Shen, F. Xie, and T. 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Zhang et al., “Diagnosis and treatment of resonance imaging of intracranial arteries in patients with cerebral infarction caused by bilateral internal carotid artery acute cerebral infarction,” Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous dissection,” Journal of International Neurology and Neuro- Diseases, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 317–321, 2019. surgery, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 63–65, 2017. [12] W. Liang, Z. Ou, W. Zhang et al., “A successful mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery dissection and internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion after awakening and literature re- view,” Practical Journal of Cardio-Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 94–97, 2017. [13] C. Xiao and B. Chen, “Analysis of the use of antithrombotic drugs in a case of intracranial hemorrhage secondary to ce- rebral infarction caused by acute internal carotid artery dissection,” Pharmacy Today, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 116–119, 2019. [14] Y. Hu and C. Zhao, “A case of forensic identiﬁcation of cerebral infarction caused by traumatic carotid artery dis- section,” Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine, vol. 35, no. 184, p. 100+104, 2020. [15] L. Tang, Z. Yu, and D. Zhang, “Analysis of risk factors and etiology of young cerebral infarction,” Laboratory Medicine and Clinics, vol. 13, no. 22, p. 3244, 2016. [16] S.-B. Tsai, Y.-C. Lee, C.-H. Wu, and J.-J. Guo, “Examining how manufacturing corporations win orders,” South African Journal of Industrial Engineering, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 112–124, [17] Y. Zhu, X. Ding, and W. Ying, “Combined diagnosis of in- ternal carotid artery dissection by carotid artery ultrasound and transcranial color Doppler,” Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, vol. 16, no. 6, p. 469, 2016. [18] K. Shankar, M. Elhoseny, S. K. Lakshmanaprabu et al., “Optimal feature level fusion based ANFIS classiﬁer for brain MRI image classiﬁcation,” Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, vol. 32, no. 1, p. 24887, 2020. [19] Y. Fang, J. Chang, X. Niu et al., “Clinical characteristics, treatment and follow-up of 42 cases of carotid artery dis- section,” Journal of Shanxi Medical University, vol. 12, no. 1072, pp. 76–79, 2017. [20] J. Yan, X. Yan, Y. Wang et al., “A case report of thoracic- abdominal aortic dissection resembling acute cerebral in- farction,” Journal of Apoplexy and Nervous Diseases, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1123-1124, 2017. [21] D. Liu, H. Zou, and Y. Hao, “A case report of aortic dissection with cerebral infarction onset,” Apoplexy and Nervous Dis- eases, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 933-934, 2018. [22] X. Tan, D. Du, Tan et al., “Clinical characteristics of arterial dissection and large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Healthcare Engineering Hindawi Publishing Corporation http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/hindawi-publishing-corporation/clinical-and-imaging-analysis-of-cerebral-infarction-caused-by-GKqsD5ZZLm

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Publisher: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Copyright: Copyright © 2021 Yinghai Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ISSN: 2040-2295
eISSN: 2040-2309
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671121
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Abstract

Hindawi Journal of Healthcare Engineering Volume 2021, Article ID 6671121, 10 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671121 Research Article Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology 1 1 1 1 2 Yinghai Wang , Kedong Duan, Aihua Zhang, Yaping Lv, and Dahai Cao Internal Medicine Department, Dahua branch of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China Computer Tomography Room, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou 061000, Hebei, China Correspondence should be addressed to Yinghai Wang; wangyingmei@alu.fudan.edu.cn Received 29 December 2020; Revised 20 January 2021; Accepted 1 February 2021; Published 11 February 2021 Academic Editor: Zhihan Lv Copyright © 2021 Yinghai Wang et al. *is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. In recent years, with the progress of population ageing, the incidence of a stroke caused by spontaneous dissection of the cerebral artery also increases with time. In order to address the health damage caused by a stroke caused by spontaneous dissection of the cerebral artery and to study its eﬀect on human health, this article analyzes the incidence, type, electrocardiogram, and car- diovascular biomarker changes of cerebral infarction through statistical analysis and then discusses cerebral infarction. *e pathogenesis and prevention measures of the disease are expected to provide better means for the treatment of cerebral infarction. Based on the case investigation of patients with cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, a case template was constructed, and a damage assessment matrix was created using a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis method. Experimental results prove that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is a great threat to human health, and the fatality rate of patients is extremely high. Enhanced imaging technology is of great help to clinical and image analysis, with a correlation coeﬃcient of 0.87, compared with the other damage rate of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection which is about 15% higher than that of cerebral infarction caused by diﬀerent methods. Studies have found that there are great diﬀerences in the age of people with cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, and the patients are generally over 45 years old. *is shows that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection will cause great damage and aﬀect people’s health, which requires people’s attention. can improve the eﬃciency of vascular recanalization. *e 1. Introduction shorter the recanalization time, the better the clinical Cerebrovascular disease is the ﬁrst cause of death in my prognosis [2]. Patients with acute cerebral infarction should country and about 70% of cerebrovascular diseases are an be admitted to the stroke unit for standardized treatment. A ischemic stroke caused by acute brain artery obstruction. professional treatment team can greatly reduce the mortality *e incidence, mortality, and disability rate of the stroke are and recurrence rate of patients with cerebral infarction. relatively high. *e 75% of patients lost part of their Cerebral infarction is one of the more serious cerebro- workforce, bringing a great economic burden to the country vascular diseases. Cerebral infarction has the characteristics of and society [1]. *e treatment of cerebral infarction em- high incidence, high disability, and high fatality rate. *is not phasizes early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, only seriously endangers the public health and quality of life but and early recovery to improve the prognosis and reduce the also brings heavy social and economic burdens to the country degree of disability of patients. *e key to the treatment of and many families of patients [3]. Cerebral infarction is a cerebral infarction is vascular recanalization, which is ob- common and frequently occurring disease that seriously en- viously related to the improvement of clinical symptoms. dangers human health, with a high fatality rate and high dis- With the development of augmented reality technology, it ability rate, but there is no eﬀective treatment method currently. 2 Journal of Healthcare Engineering *is article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of Current research shows that the incidence of cerebral infarction ranks ﬁrst in cerebrovascular diseases. Because the early pro- previous studies and then proposes a model of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection dromal symptoms of decreased blood supply to the brain tissue are not obvious, they usually manifest as dizziness and slight based on augmented reality technology. *is article mainly nausea, and these symptoms are often ignored by patients and describes the basic characteristics and composition of the eventually lead to cerebral infarction [4]. At present, many cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous dissection of the studies have shown that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection cerebral artery and the composition includes the use of a is related to the occurrence of cerebral infarction; that is, grid, the individual deﬁnition, the deﬁnition of status and spontaneous cerebral artery dissection leads to a decrease in the action, and the interaction between individuals. Explain. *e system objectively assessed the clinical relevance of spon- blood supply of local brain tissue and then local brain tissue ischemic necrosis, and cerebral infarction occurs. Cerebral taneous brain artery detection, explained the damage to the automatic dissection of the cerebral artery, and veriﬁed the infarction is not entirely caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. Studies have shown that the shedding of arterial preventive eﬀect of enhanced reality technology on the spontaneous stroke that was caused by the dissection of the plaque can also lead to the embolization of craniocerebral blood vessels and then cerebral infarction [5]. Experts at home and cerebral artery. abroad have also conducted many studies on cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. 2. Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Liu Dongmei believes that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is a very, very serious disease. It introduces the main Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on manifestations and causes of spontaneous cerebral artery dis- Augmented Reality Technology section and addresses the problems that spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is prone to occur in the diagnosis, such as 2.1. Augmented Reality Technology. *e continuous devel- opment of advanced reality technology has deepened the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, and carried out related science popularization. After the patients were replaced with concept of virtual practice. Basically, the practice of en- hanced reality technology continues to transform things into spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, they believed that treatment should be carried out in the early stage of symptoms to objective reality into digital image symbols through pho- reduce the possible risk of patients [6] (Bian Yang). *e clinical toelectric and others and then express them in a virtual and image analysis of dissection analyzes the classiﬁcation of space. However, unlike the usual virtual practice, the patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, classiﬁes practice in augmented reality makes the practice subject completely immersed in a virtual environment that can them according to gender, age, and so on and collects relevant information. It is believed that compared with cerebral infarc- obtain real feelings, and through sophisticated sensing technology, people can obtain vision, hearing, touch, and tion, the grade of patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is lighter. Generally, there are no problems such as smell that are the same as reality [9]. And the comprehensive feeling of kinesiology and then the motion tracker of various cerebral infarction and cerebral sclerosis. However, under the inﬂuence of external force, spontaneous cerebral artery dissec- parts of the human body will feedback the subject’s feedback tion will be induced, which will cause the patient to change to into the virtual space. [10]. cerebral artery dissection and cause the complications of cerebral Augmented reality technology has brought about infarction. For this situation, it is recommended that early di- changes in human working life, entertainment and leisure, and practices. It has also brought about social issues such as agnosis, early detection, early treatment, platelet aggregation, and anticoagulation therapy can be used to eﬀectively prevent excessive indulgence, health eﬀects, violence, and value orientation and has spawned the evolution of the ﬁeld of and treat [7]; Zhang Xiao chose to study acute cerebral infarction caused by cerebral artery dissection in the past 5 years. In the philosophy. *e traditional philosophy of technology tends to study the various social eﬀects of technology, but at the case of cerebral infarction, the characteristics of cerebral in- farction caused by cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, and same time the development of technology will also have an impact on the philosophy system [11]. Aﬀected by aug- the infarct location and mechanism of the patient were analyzed. Zhang Xiao chose to study acute cerebral infarction caused by mented reality technology, branches of philosophical ﬁelds cerebral artery dissection in the past 5 years. In the case of such as artiﬁcial intelligence philosophy, virtual reality cerebral infarction, the characteristics of cerebral infarction philosophy, and artiﬁcial life philosophy continue to appear. caused by cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, and the *e philosophical issues generated by augmented reality technology involve many ﬁelds such as practical theory, infarct location and mechanism of the patient were analyzed, and the relevant special diagnosis of the patient, such as gender, media theory, epistemology, ethics, and sociology. Its unique technical characteristics and practical methods have pro- age, type of cerebral artery dissection, and dissection location, was done. A detailed record was made, and the pathogenesis and duced diﬀerent depths of utility in multiple disciplines [12]. *e characteristics of augmented reality technology have characteristics of cerebral artery dissection were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for the study [8]. *ese studies have a caused philosophers to refocus on some traditional philo- sophical theories, such as the study of ontology and thinking certain reference basis for this article. However, due to insuf- ﬁcient samples of these studies, too much emphasis on theories, about the nature of the world. Some brand-new philo- and unreasonable practical schemes, the research has too many sophical ideas have emerged at the historic moment. In view of the technical characteristics of augmented reality that can variables and the conclusions are unconvincing. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 3 construct a brand-new virtual environment, some scholars cause is currently unclear. Studies have conﬁrmed that the have put forward the idea that “computing” is the essence of inner rubber membrane and the middle rubber membrane of the brain artery dissection have suﬀered damage, but the the world. For example, the American philosopher Steinhart proposed digital metaphysics; Zhai Zhenming, a philosophy speciﬁc pathological mechanism remains unclear. Cerebral professor at Sun Yat-sen University in my country, proposed arterial dissection is often missed due to the diﬃculty in a new ethics, “world-making ethics,” and so on. Facing the recognizing imaging features. With the development of continuous innovation of technology, philosophical think- medical imaging technology, the diagnosis rate of cerebral ing cannot stop but should lead and correct the new arterial dissection has been improved, and there are more technology [13]. and more reports on cerebral arterial dissection. Cerebral Since the advent of the Internet, virtual practice and artery dissection clinically mainly manifests as headache or augmented reality technology have attracted much atten- symptoms related to cerebral infarction, subarachnoid tion. *rough virtual practice and enhanced reality tech- hemorrhage, and compression symptoms. Studies have nology, humanity has transcended material production shown that patients with cerebral artery dissection can in- crease the incidence of clinical events through arterial-ar- practice, social practice, and scientiﬁc practice, expanded the ﬁeld of practice, increased knowledge objects, and improved terial embolism. And because the thrombus in the dissecting practical ability. *e development of augmented reality artery is a white thrombus with abundant platelets, anti- technology has added new vitality to virtual practice. If coagulation and antiplatelet aggregation treatments are virtual practice is a practice that creates possibilities, then recommended clinically [6]. Anatomically, due to the lack of augmented reality practice is a practice that transforms any adequate supporting tissues such as the development of possibility into reality [14]. In the virtual environment, any muscle ﬁbers in the cerebral artery wall, the intracranial condition becomes controllable. Human beings are no dissecting aneurysm is more common than the cerebral longer restricted by physiological, natural, and social factors artery dissection, and it is more common in the verte- and get rid of the shackles of material conditions. *e digital brobasilar system. Once the intracranial dissecting aneu- symbol in the unit of bit abstracts the original concrete thing. rysm is ruptured, it leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage, seriously endangers health, and is even directly threatening- In reality, the function of the thing is separated from the material carrier of the thing, and its function can be used life. *erefore, a high degree of vigilance is required clini- alone anytime and anywhere without being restricted by the cally. Once a cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm ruptures, material carrier. *is is no exception for humans. Aug- there is a high chance of rebleeding, so it usually requires mented reality pulls human senses and consciousness out of surgery or interventional treatment: the body, realizing truly beyond the limitations of time and 0.8 2.057f∗ (v∗ p) space: α � , 0.2 4 4 t t 1 2 q � β∗ z∗ 􏼢􏼒 􏼓 − 􏼒 􏼓 􏼣, (2) 􏽳�� 100 100 2 2 a − a 􏼁 + 􏼐a − a 􏼑 + a − a 􏼁 (1) x1 x− 1 y1 y− 1 z1 z− 1 T � . Q � A T − T 􏼁 . n m n *ere are corresponding imaging diagnostic guidelines For the application of augmented reality in the industrial for the early diagnosis of cerebral artery dissection, but there ﬁeld, Ian White, the responsible editor of the manufacturing is no relevant guide or consensus on the best choice for the section of the “Engineering” website, once said, “Factory treatment of cerebral artery dissection. Clinicians generally planning, automation, assembly, maintenance, and training treat the disease based on their own experience and expertise can all beneﬁt from augmented reality [15].” With the and select individualized treatment plan based on the spe- continuous advancement of technology, augmented reality ciﬁc condition of the patient. Intracranial artery dissections has become a practical tool for the manufacturing industry. mostly occur in the vertebrobasilar artery, especially pos- Goldman Sachs Global Investment once predicted in a re- terior circulation dissecting aneurysms, which are more port that, by 2025, the revenue from augmented reality prone to rupture and hemorrhage, which is extremely life- technology in the industrial sector will reach approximately threatening. *e treatment tends to be actively interven- US$4.7 billion. *is is undoubtedly a contribution to aug- tional or surgical treatment. Due to the diﬃculty of the mented reality technology. *e best value for industrial use posterior fossa surgical approach, active interventional is aﬃrmed. Augmented reality can not only restrain the cost therapy is the main treatment to stop bleeding quickly and and integration of manufacturing [16] but also improve the prevent rebleeding [19]. eﬀect of industrial design and the eﬃciency of training skills. Augmented reality is the most likely to bring forth one of the technologies of the subindustrial revolution; the industry 4.0 2.3. Cerebral Infarction. Cerebral infarction, also known as era has come to us [17]. ischemic stroke, is caused by limited cerebral ischemic necrosis or softening of brain tissue due to insuﬃcient ce- 2.2. Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection. Cerebral artery rebral blood supply, hypoxia, and ischemia. *e most widely dissection is a relatively rare disease in clinical practice [18]. used classiﬁcation of cerebral infarction is TOAST classiﬁ- *e speciﬁc cause is currently unknown and the particular cation, which is divided into 5 types: large artery 4 Journal of Healthcare Engineering play an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic stroke, small artery occlusive stroke, car- diogenic cerebral embolism, and ischemic stroke caused by atherosclerosis. *ese patients may have coronary athero- sclerosis and atherosclerosis before cerebral infarction. other reasons, Unexplained ischemic stroke, including large atherosclerotic stroke, namely, large atherosclerotic stenotic Myocardial ischemia induces or aggravates the abnormali- cerebral infarction, often leads to more serious conse- ties of ECG and cardiovascular biomarkers when the body is quences. Cerebral infarction is a short-term hypokinesia in stressed [24]. the middle of the left ventricular wall caused by brain damage, with or without abnormal ventricular wall motion at the apex, and these abnormalities are completely restored 2.4. Clinical Medicine. With the rapid development of digital medical care, electronic health data is increasing in the subsequent course of the disease syndrome [20]. exponentially. How to make full use of the massive medical Cerebral infarction is mainly manifested by changes in and health big data to improve the level and quality of electrocardiogram and abnormal cardiovascular bio- medical and health services is one of the hot topics of markers. *e changes in ECG are the most common and current research. In order to ensure that early related obvious signs. It has been reported that 26%–73% of patients functional exercises can be carried out after cerebral in- after cerebral infarction will have ECG changes, mainly including ischemic. Changes and arrhythmias, ischemic farction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection and reduce related postoperative complications, it is nec- changes manifested as ST-T changes, acute myocardial in- farction, pseudo myocardial infarction, and so on; ar- essary to ensure the stability of the internal ﬁxation, and the choice of treatment options for cerebral infarction caused rhythmia manifested as QT interval prolongation, U wave, sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, ventricular premature by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is not classiﬁed. In addition, consideration should also be given to age, beats, atrial premature beats, paroxysmal atrial ﬁbrillation, damage, and other related comorbidities. For young pa- and so on, among which ischemic changes have the highest tients, conservative treatment and surgical treatment can incidence; and one or several ECG abnormal changes can achieve better results. For elderly patients, it is recom- occur in the same patient [21]. mended that conservative treatment requires a stage of Diﬀerent parts of the brain injury can have diﬀerent ECG debridement and drainage. After the wound is closed and changes because the brain has a direct regulatory eﬀect on the heart. *e insula has a representative area of the heart, and there are no obvious signs of infection, second-stage sur- gical treatment is performed. With further analysis of the damage to the insula can aﬀect visceral activities. In addition, the lateral and posterior regions of the hypothalamus can treatment of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection-in- duced cerebral infarction in the augmented reality tech- cause cardiac hyperresponsiveness. *e medulla oblongata is the high-level center of breathing and heartbeat, and the nology, it is found that a good prognosis of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection-induced cerebral infarction is central gray matter of the midbrain can directly regulate the important for the follow-up rehabilitation which also plays heart. Damage can cause diﬀerent types of arrhythmias [22]. an important role [25]. *e mechanism of cerebral infarction may be related to Due to poor blood supply to the brain, postoperative the central dysfunction of the hypothalamus, brainstem reticular structure, and limbic system (insula, etc.). In the complications are mostly divided into early complications and long-term complications. *e former mainly includes acute phase of cerebral infarction, cerebral edema leads to increased intracranial pressure, which makes blood circu- incision skin necrosis and incision infection, while the latter mainly includes abnormal healing and traumatic lation disorders in the brain, hypothalamic edema, dis- placement, or ischemia and even aﬀects the extensive and inﬂammation, which have serious impact. *erefore, in the surgical treatment of cerebral infarction caused by spon- complex connection ﬁbers between the hypothalamus and taneous cerebral artery dissection, it is necessary not only the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem and causes au- to make relevant preoperative preparations, to choose the tonomic nervous system dysfunction and impaired cardiac correct surgical method and surgical approach, but also to nerve mediation. In addition, in patients with acute cerebral reduce the surgical trauma under the premise of restoring infarction, the sympathetic nerve is excited. When the reduction. *e curative eﬀect is improved and the patient’s sympathetic nerve is excited, a large amount of catechol- amines are released, which will accumulate in the myo- pain is relieved. After treatment, relevant prognostic treatment should be done to prevent various complications cardial tissue and cause secondary myocardial damage. *is transmitter increases the excitability of cardiomyocytes and [26]. Augmented reality technology is the main development causes arrhythmia. Sinus tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia can occur when acting on slow-reacting cells, goal of technology realization and function realization [27]. In the current medical environment and actual rehabilita- and atrial (ventricular) arrhythmia can occur when acting on tion treatment, how to understand and transform the ex- fast-reacting cells. Vascular endothelial cells increase the pectations and needs of users more comprehensively, and synthesis and secretion of endothelin and decrease the how to integrate the form and structure of the product and synthesis of nitric oxide, which further aggravates coronary function more in line with the needs of users are the focus of artery spasm and myocardial ischemia [23]. At the same augmented reality technology. Its application in clinical time, most patients with cerebrovascular disease have other risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes. *ese factors medicine conforms to the following formula: Journal of Healthcare Engineering 5 M � , Gender (x + i + 1) Age of visit D − L + 1 􏼁 A A P � L + 􏼢 􏼣 × C (d) + 1, LA A skip Symptoms at visit C (d) skip 􏽲�� Auxiliary examination 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌2 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 􏼌 d􏼐x , x 􏼑 � 􏼒 x − x + x − x + ... + x − x 􏼓. i j 􏼌 i1 j1􏼌 􏼌 i2 j2􏼌 􏼌 in jn􏼌 Figure 1: Experimental inspection items. (3) 􏽶�� For the characteristics of the medical system, we have improved the relevant calculation functions: d � 􏽘 w ∗ r − uq 􏼁 , n nm m f(i) � x + x y + x y + x y , 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 m�1 2 2 2 N r N r N r 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 W � + + N d + + N d ∗ 0.1 + N. 􏼠 􏼡 2 2 3 3 d � , (5) 2 2 2 3 1 + d r , uq (4) 􏽶�� a�x 2 􏽐 Rf W c 􏼁􏼁 − Rf W c 􏼁􏼁 􏼁 a 0 a a�1 P � . a�x 2 3. ClinicalandImagingExperimentsofCerebral 􏽐 RfW c 􏼁􏼁 0 a a�1 Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection 4. Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral 3.1. Research Objects. Taking patients with cerebral infarc- tion caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection in a Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral city hospital as experimental subjects, collecting their clinical Artery Dissection data (gender, age at diagnosis or diagnosis, clinical symp- 4.1.DistributionofPatients. We collected statistics on people toms and signs at admission, auxiliary examinations in- cluding seven respiratory virus antigen tests, T lymphocytes who had undergone treatment for cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection in city hospitals subpopulation testing, allergen testing, ﬁberoptic bron- choscopy, BALF cytology count, lung function, lung CT, and classiﬁed them according to factors such as age and gender. We hope to ﬁnd out the characteristics and regu- etc.), follow-up by telephone consultation and outpatient treatment. Performing retrospective analysis on the collected larities of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral data and drawing conclusions are shown in Figure 1. artery dissection. *e speciﬁc patient data are shown in Table 1. According to Figure 2 and Figure 3, we can see that the 3.2. Experimental Purpose. *rough the follow-up investi- probability of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous gation of the patients, it is known whether the patient’s cerebral artery dissection is diﬀerent between diﬀerent ages. condition is eﬀectively controlled after the treatment of the *e population of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery cerebral artery dissection is mainly distributed in the young dissection and whether the control eﬀect is obvious. We and middle-aged, namely, 45 years old. In the following, of a study the integrated medical system of the clinical disease total of about 540 people, accounting for more than the and the brain block damage syndrome caused by sponta- general population of this survey, and for people over 60 neous dissection of the cerebral artery and provide a report years old, the number of radius fractures is about 150, ac- on the treatment of the immune system caused by a counting for about 17% of the total number. *is indicates rheumatoid agent. that cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people, and related treatment methods should also be tilted 3.3. Statistics. All data analysis in this article adopts SPSS19.0 statistical test adopts two-sided test; signiﬁcance is towards the side. We have investigated patients with other deﬁned as 0.05, and p< 0.05 is considered as signiﬁcant. *e causes of cerebral infarction, as shown in Table 2. statistical results are displayed as mean± standard deviation From Figure 4, we can see that, unlike spontaneous (x± SD). When the test data complies with the normal cerebral artery dissection caused by cerebral infarction, the distribution, the double T test is used for comparison within age of cerebral infarction in general patients is too old, and the group, and the independent sample T test is used for more than 70% of them are over 45 years old, while comparison between the groups. If the regular distribution is spontaneous cerebral artery dissection causes cerebral in- insuﬃcient, two independent samples and two related farction. *e age distribution is relatively uniform, and there samples will be used for inspection. *e calculation formula are many young and middle-aged patients. *is is because is as follows: the triggers of cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous Cerebral infarction 6 Journal of Healthcare Engineering Table 1: Cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. Very severe Extremely serious Age Minor cerebral infarction General cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction cerebral infarction infarction 0–12 3 8 11 7 8 13–26 66 88 31 47 18 27–45 57 61 99 36 26 46–60 32 91 87 53 13 Over60 27 42 51 21 9 88 91 0–12 13–26 27–45 46–60 Over 60 Age distribution Severe cerebral infarction Minor cerebral infarction Figure 2: Population distribution. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 30 99 20 42 91 10 21 Degree of cerebral infarction Over 60 13–26 46–60 0–12 27–45 Figure 3: Age distribution of radius fractures. cerebral artery dissection are diﬀerent from other cerebral treatment, platelet aggregation treatment, vascular medical infarctions. Cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous ce- treatment, and the method of augmented reality technology rebral artery dissection is generally caused by external used in this article. We make statistics on the current factors, so the age change is not obvious. treatment population; the detailed data is shown in Table 3. From Figure 5, we can see that, for the vast majority of patients, using augmented reality technology in conjunction 4.2. Treatment Methods. For cerebral infarction caused by with other treatment methods is not the ﬁrst choice. *is is spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, the current treat- because this method requires more steps and is less severe to ment methods include drug treatment, anticoagulation cerebral infarction. People who are more inclined to choose Number of people Number of people Minor cerebral infarction General cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction Extremely serious infarction Journal of Healthcare Engineering 7 Table 2: Other causes of cerebral infarction. Extremely serious Age Minor cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction infarction 0–12 1 1 2 4 1 13–26 17 22 26 15 14 27–45 42 35 47 39 33 46–60 47 52 49 53 59 Over 60 63 67 72 61 54 60 61 30 53 59 52 49 0 11 2 1 Minor General Severe Very severe Extremely cerebral cerebral cerebral cerebral serious infarction infarction infarction infarction infarction Degree of cerebral infarcton 27–45 13–26 0-12 Over 60 46–60 Figure 4: Age distribution of radius fractures. Table 3: Diﬀerence in treatment. *rombolytic Anticoagulant Platelet Vascular medicine Augmented reality therapy therapy aggregation therapy treatment technology Minor cerebral infarction 3 29 47 31 21 Cerebral infarction 1 21 51 26 13 Severe cerebral infarction 26 54 63 47 19 Very severe cerebral infarction 5 19 27 29 15 Extremely serious infarction 2 36 19 26 12 medication or other treatment methods. However, with the mentioned in the article and carried out relevant statistics. development of time, augmented reality technology and According to the calculation results, the ﬁnal value is above treatment have been more and more accepted by people. We 0.8 for excellent healing eﬀect, and the value above 0.5 is have collected data from 2010 to 2019, as shown in Table 4. passed. *e speciﬁc statistical results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen from Figure 6 that over time, the treatment It can be seen from Figure 7 that the scores of the of cerebral infarction has also undergone certain changes. methods in this article are basically higher than those of Although conservative treatment is still the ﬁrst choice for other methods, and the stability and pain-free sensation are the treatment of cerebral infarction according to patients, in both above 0.8 points. Compared with other methods, the recent years, the use of augmented reality technology to combined treatment with augmented reality technology can cooperate with treatment has been recognized and tried by not only remain stable during treatment, but also perform more and more people, and the increase rate is about 18%, extremely well in other areas. *e prognostic treatment of which is gradually accepted by people. cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection is also extremely important. For this, we have counted several important prognostic indicators, which are 4.3. Eﬀects of Diﬀerent Treatment Methods. For cerebral shown in Figure 8. infarction caused by spontaneous cerebral artery dissection, We can see from Figure 8 that, in terms of prognosis, the the treatment eﬀect is the most concerned issue for patients. use of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection to treat cerebral We have carried out quantitative calculations on diﬀerent infarction combined with treatment of cerebral infarction also treatment methods through the calculation models has many advantages in prognostic treatment, and its score is Number of people 8 Journal of Healthcare Engineering 50 180 30 120 19 19 10 60 13 20 29 31 –10 3 0 Degree of fracture Minor cerebral infarction Severe cerebral infarction Cerebral infarction Very severe cerebral infarction Extremely serious infarction Figure 5: Radius fracture treatment. Table 4: Diﬀerence in treatment. 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 *rombolytic therapy 37 44 49 66 57 63 75 51 47 42 Anticoagulant therapy 19 21 27 33 51 47 41 39 46 41 Platelet aggregation therapy 67 72 79 69 88 109 97 89 81 76 Vascular medicine treatment 29 36 33 42 39 33 45 47 56 55 Augmented reality technology 1 3 9 15 13 17 23 26 33 37 120 70 79 47 75 45 72 42 67 39 63 37 33 33 33 60 30 51 51 47 2647 23 42 41 41 39 20 40 17 27 13 21 9 0 –10 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Years rombolytic therapy Platelet aggregation therapy Anticoagulant therapy Vascular medicine treatment Augmented reality technology Figure 6: *e diﬀerence in treatment in diﬀerent years. Table 5: Treatment eﬀect of radius fracture. Stability *alamus Brain stem Pain Cerebellum Recovery eﬀect *rombolytic therapy 0.537 0.887 0.528 0.71.8 0.642 0.516 Anticoagulant therapy 0.431 0.573 0.431 0.752 0.669 0.678 Platelet aggregation therapy 0.479 0.526 0.888 0.697 0.477 0.617 Vascular medicine treatment 0.539 0.643 0.542 0.573 0.681 0.854 Augmented reality technology 0.879 0.735 0.779 0.727 0.813 0.795 Number of people Numbei of people rombolytic therapy Anticoagulant therapy Platelet aggregation therapy Vascular medicine treatment Augmented reality technology Journal of Healthcare Engineering 9 1 3 Patients can improve or control the increase in blood 0.9 0.813 0.854 pressure and low-density lipoprotein through exercise or 2.5 0.8 0.795 0.678 0.7 changing their diet and reduce smoking or quit smoking, 0.681 0.642 0.669 0.617 0.6 which can eﬀectively prevent the occurrence of cerebral 0.516 0.5 1.5 0.477 infarction. In addition, high blood pressure and low-density 0.4 0.3 lipoprotein can also be used as predictors of cerebral in- 0.2 0.5 0.879 farction to detect the blood pressure and low-density li- 0.1 0.537 0.539 0.431 0.479 0 0 poprotein indicators of patients with spontaneous cerebral artery dissection. If abnormalities are found and can be well controlled and improved, it may prevent the brain occur- rence of infarction. For clinical work, doctors can more simply and intuitively guide patients to prevent cerebral infarction after carotid artery stenosis, which is of great help Infarct treatment in preventing cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous Pain Brain stem cerebral artery dissection. Thalamus Stability In future studies on cerebral infarction caused by spon- Cerebellum Recovery effect taneous cerebral artery dissection, more assessment indicators of autonomic nerve function should be collected, such as Figure 7: Treatment eﬀect of diﬀerent methods. heart rate variability and changes in catecholamine concen- tration; in addition, evaluation of the central autonomic nervous system should also be included. It requires the joint 0.9 0.752 0.789 0.842 0.817 0.826 0.823 0.798 0.735 eﬀorts of neurology, cardiology, neuroimaging, neurophysi- 0.8 0.697 0.697 0.679 0.678 0.7 ology, and other disciplines to promote research in this ﬁeld, 0.573 0.617 0.669 0.479 0.559 0.542 0.6 0.526 with a view to formulating standardized treatment methods 0.478 0.5 0.435 0.431 0.431 for postcerebral infarction prevention and control, which will 0.4 improve cerebral infarction. *e clinical prognosis of patients 0.3 is very important to reduce mortality. 0.2 0.1 Data Availability Stability Flexibility Cerebral Recovery Pain Sequelae infarction effect No data were used to support this study. Index Thrombolytic therapy Conflicts of Interest Platelet aggregation therapy Augmented reality technology *e authors declare that they have no conﬂicts of interest. Anticoagulant therapy Vascular medicine treatment References Figure 8: Prognostic treatment score. [1] D. Liu, X. Xin, and J. 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Journal of Healthcare Engineering – Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Published: Feb 11, 2021

References

A case of cerebral infarction-aortic dissection-related cerebral infarction caused by complex etiology,

D. Liu, X. Xin, and J. Zhang
One case report of cerebral infarction caused by unilateral internal carotid artery dissection,

F. Li and S. Zhang
A case of cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery dissection after exercise,

C. Wang, Z. He, J. Huang et al.
A case of acute cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous recanalization of atherosclerotic internal carotid artery occlusion,

L. Wang, K. Jin, J. Wu et al.
Analysis of clinical and imaging characteristics of 118 cases of spontaneous cerebral artery dissection caused by ischemic stroke,

H. Chen, Z. Li, H. Hong et al.
Efficacy analysis of emergency endovascular stenting for acute cerebral infarction caused by carotid artery dissection,

S. Yu and J. Zhou
The prognosis and influencing factors of unruptured intracranial spontaneous vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm with stent reconstruction technique,

K. Zhao, J. Wang, Y. Fang et al.
Spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection: a case report and literature review,

F. Ye, Z. Wang, X. Pan et al.
Touch-less interactive augmented reality game on vision-based wearable device,

Z. Lv, A. Halawani, S. Feng, S. Réhman, and H. Li
A case of intravenous thrombolytic therapy for cerebral infarction caused by spontaneous carotid artery dissection on the left side,

J. Wu
Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction caused by bilateral internal carotid artery dissection,

Z. Xiang, W. Cao, H. Zhang et al.
A successful mechanical thrombectomy for cerebral infarction caused by internal carotid artery dissection and internal carotid artery/middle cerebral artery occlusion after awakening and literature review,

W. Liang, Z. Ou, W. Zhang et al.
Analysis of the use of antithrombotic drugs in a case of intracranial hemorrhage secondary to cerebral infarction caused by acute internal carotid artery dissection,

C. Xiao and B. Chen
A case of forensic identification of cerebral infarction caused by traumatic carotid artery dissection,

Y. Hu and C. Zhao
Analysis of risk factors and etiology of young cerebral infarction,

L. Tang, Z. Yu, and D. Zhang
Examining how manufacturing corporations win orders,

S.-B. Tsai, Y.-C. Lee, C.-H. Wu, and J.-J. Guo
Combined diagnosis of internal carotid artery dissection by carotid artery ultrasound and transcranial color Doppler,

Y. Zhu, X. Ding, and W. Ying
Optimal feature level fusion based ANFIS classifier for brain MRI image classification,

K. Shankar, M. Elhoseny, S. K. Lakshmanaprabu et al.
Clinical characteristics, treatment and follow-up of 42 cases of carotid artery dissection,

Y. Fang, J. Chang, X. Niu et al.
A case report of thoracic-abdominal aortic dissection resembling acute cerebral infarction,

J. Yan, X. Yan, Y. Wang et al.
A case report of aortic dissection with cerebral infarction onset,

D. Liu, H. Zou, and Y. Hao
Clinical characteristics of arterial dissection and large atherosclerotic cerebral infarction and analysis of cerebrovascular angiography results,

X. Tan, D. Du, Tan et al.
Ultrasound diagnosis of ascending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, and right common carotid artery dissection with cerebral infarction in 1 case,

L. Shen, F. Xie, and T. Du
Recanalization of anti-platelet aggregation therapy in extracranial internal carotid artery dissection and review of literature,

S. Liu, X. Cao, J. Zhao et al.
Two cases of acute aortic dissection with cerebral infarction as the primary manifestation,

L. Qiao and X. Liu
Analysis of clinical characteristics of acute aortic dissection combined with acute cerebral infarction,

H. Yu and K. Feng
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial arteries in patients with acute cerebral infarction,

W. Zhang, B. Ning, and X. Li

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Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

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Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

Clinical and Imaging Analysis of Cerebral Infarction Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Artery Dissection Based on Augmented Reality Technology

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