Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
P. Neirotti, A. Marco, A. Cagliano, G. Mangano, Francesco Scorrano (2014)
Current trends in Smart City initiatives: some stylised factsCities, 38
M. Khan, Mina Woo, K. Nam, P. Chathoth (2017)
Smart City and Smart Tourism: A Case of DubaiSustainability, 9
U. Gretzel, M. Sigala, Zheng Xiang, C. Koo (2015)
Smart tourism: foundations and developmentsElectronic Markets, 25
Zheng Xiang, Iis Tussyadiah, Dimitrios Buhalis (2015)
Smart destinations: Foundations, analytics, and applicationsJournal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4
Global Presence, 9
G. Chiappa, R. Baggio (2015)
Knowledge transfer in smart tourism destinations: Analyzing the effects of a network structureJournal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4
C. Lamsfus, David Martín, Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal, E. Torres-Manzanera (2015)
Smart Tourism Destinations: An Extended Conception of Smart Cities Focusing on Human Mobility
B. Cohen (2014)
The smartest cities in the world 2015: methodology
Hannele Ahvenniemi, Aapo Huovila, Isabel Pinto-Seppä, M. Airaksinen (2017)
What are the differences between sustainable and smart citiesCities, 60
(2019)
Smart city development in Hong KongIET Smart Cities
Martin Boisen, Kees Terlouw, P. Groote, O. Couwenberg (2017)
Reframing place promotion, place marketing, and place branding - moving beyond conceptual confusionCities
U. Gretzel (2011)
Intelligent systems in tourism: a social science perspectiveAnnals of Tourism Research, 38
Tuba Bakici, E. Almirall, J. Wareham (2013)
A Smart City Initiative: the Case of BarcelonaJournal of the Knowledge Economy, 4
Gregory Kerr (2006)
From destination brand to location brandJournal of Brand Management, 13
(2015)
The role of IT in tourism
T. Chang, B. Yeoh (1999)
“New Asia – Singapore”: communicating local cultures through global tourismGeoforum, 30
Chung-Shing Chan, L. Marafa (2017)
How a green city brand determines the willingness to stay in a city: the case of Hong KongJournal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34
B. Strydom, T. Stephen (2014)
Financial Management in Non-Profit Organisations: An Exploratory StudyMediterranean journal of social sciences, 5
(2012)
Finland: Forum Virium Helsinki
A. Luvisi, G. Lorenzini (2014)
RFID-plants in the smart city: Applications and outlook for urban green managementUrban Forestry & Urban Greening, 13
Yunpeng Li, Clark Hu, Chao Huang, Liqiong Duan (2017)
The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism information servicesTourism Management, 58
W. Hunter, Namho Chung, U. Gretzel, C. Koo (2015)
Constructivist research in smart tourismAsia pacific journal of information systems, 25
(2009)
Why thematization?
M. Pulido-Fernández, J. Pulido‐Fernández (2019)
Is There a Good Model for Implementing Governance in Tourist Destinations? The Opinion of ExpertsSustainability
(2017)
IESE Cities in Motion Index
Chung-Shing Chan (2018)
Which city theme has the strongest local brand equity for Hong Kong: green, creative or smart city?Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15
M. Jong, Simon Joss, Daan Schraven, C. Zhan, M. Weijnen (2015)
Sustainable–Smart–Resilient–Low Carbon–Eco–Knowledge Cities; Making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanizationJournal of Cleaner Production, 109
G. Hospers (2010)
Making sense of place: from cold to warm city marketingJournal of Place Management and Development, 3
Brenda Parkerson, J. Saunders (2005)
City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities?Place Branding, 1
R. Hollands (2008)
Will the real smart city please stand up?City, 12
Chung-Shing Chan, L. Marafa (2018)
Knowledge-Perception Bridge of Green-Smart Integration of Cities: An Empirical Study of Hong KongSustainability, 10
N. Javaid, M. Jafri, Z. Khan, U. Qasim, T. Alghamdi, M. Ali (2014)
iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10
(2017)
Development blueprint for Hong Kong’s tourism industry
(2014)
UN Report 2014
Martin Boisen, Kees Terlouw, B. Gorp (2011)
The selective nature of place branding and the layering of spatial identitiesJournal of Place Management and Development, 4
R. Ferrara (2015)
The Smart City and the Green Economy in Europe: A Critical ApproachEnergies, 8
(2016)
Smart Hong Kong: foreword
(2014)
Smart sustainable cities: an analysis of definitions
E. Marchiori, Lorenzo Cantoni (2015)
The role of prior experience in the perception of a tourism destination in user-generated contentJournal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4
Igor Calzada, Cristóbal Cobo (2015)
Unplugging: Deconstructing the Smart CityJournal of Urban Technology, 22
Honggen Xiao, Stephen Smith (2006)
Case studies in tourism research: A state-of-the-art analysisTourism Management, 27
Hendrik Hielkema, Patrizia Hongisto (2013)
Developing the Helsinki Smart City: The Role of Competitions for Open Data ApplicationsJournal of the Knowledge Economy, 4
C. Hall (2010)
Tourism destination branding and its effects on national branding strategies : brand New Zealand, clean and green but is it smart?
R. Govers (2013)
Why place branding is not about logos and slogansPlace Branding and Public Diplomacy, 9
I. Glebova, Yana Yasnitskaya, N. Maklakova (2014)
Assessment of Cities in Russia According to the Concept of "Smart City" in the Context of the Application of Information and Communication TechnologiesMediterranean journal of social sciences, 5
Leonidas Anthopoulos (2015)
Understanding the Smart City Domain: A Literature Review
Greg Richards, Julie Wilson (2006)
Developing creativity in tourist experiences: A solution to the serial reproduction of culture?Tourism Management, 27
U. Gretzel, H. Werthner, C. Koo, C. Lamsfus (2015)
Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystemsComput. Hum. Behav., 50
Dan Wang, Sangwon Park, D. Fesenmaier (2012)
The Role of Smartphones in Mediating the Touristic ExperienceJournal of Travel Research, 51
G. Hankinson (2010)
Place branding research: A cross-disciplinary agenda and the views of practitionersPlace Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6
Tae-hee Lee, J. Crompton (1992)
Measuring novelty seeking in tourism.Annals of Tourism Research, 19
Leonidas Anthopoulos, M. Janssen, V. Weerakkody (2016)
A Unified Smart City Model (USCM) for Smart City Conceptualization and BenchmarkingInt. J. Electron. Gov. Res., 12
D. Gibbs, R. Krueger, G. Macleod (2013)
Grappling with Smart City Politics in an Era of Market TriumphalismUrban Studies, 50
(2017)
Report of consultancy study on smart city blueprint for Hong Kong
Dan Wang, Xiang Li, Yunpeng Li (2013)
China's “smart tourism destination” initiative: A taste of the service-dominant logicJournal of Destination Marketing and Management, 2
K. Boes, Dimitrios Buhalis, Alessandro Inversini (2016)
Smart tourism destinations: ecosystems for tourism destination competitiveness, 2
Liu Min (2012)
On the Basic Concept of Smarter Tourism and Its Theoretical SystemTourism Tribune
B. Merrilees, Dale Miller, C. Herington (2009)
Antecedents of residents' city brand attitudesJournal of Business Research, 62
L. Fabrigar, D. Wegener, R. Maccallum, E. Strahan (1999)
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.Psychological Methods, 4
Asunción Beerli, Josefa Martín (2004)
Factors influencing destination imageAnnals of Tourism Research, 31
M. Naphade, G. Banavar, C. Harrison, J. Paraszczak, R. Morris (2011)
Smarter Cities and Their Innovation ChallengesComputer, 44
I. Cheng (2015)
What is a ‘smart city’?
Sebastian Zenker (2011)
How to catch a city? The concept and measurement of place brandsJournal of Place Management and Development, 4
M. Storper, A. Scott (2008)
Rethinking Human Capital, Creativity and Urban GrowthJournal of Economic Geography, 9
E. Marine-Roig, S. Clavé (2015)
Tourism analytics with massive user-generated content: a case study of Barcelona.Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 4
A. Kramers, M. Höjer, Nina Lövehagen, Josefin Wangel (2014)
Smart sustainable cities - Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in citiesEnviron. Model. Softw., 56
C. Koo, Jaehyun Park, Jae-Nam Lee (2017)
Smart tourism: Traveler, business, and organizational perspectivesInf. Manag., 54
B. Sparks (2007)
Planning a wine tourism vacation? Factors that help to predict tourist behavioural intentionsTourism Management, 28
(2011)
Supporting sustainability through smart infrastructures: the case of Amsterdam
Yuan He, Ivan Stojmenovic, Yunhuai Liu, Yu Gu (2014)
Smart CityInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10
A. van Veen (2014)
Measuring the smart city
R. Dameri (2014)
Comparing Smart and Digital City: Initiatives and Strategies in Amsterdam and Genoa. Are They Digital and/or Smart?
P. Bellini, Monica Benigni, Riccardo Billero, P. Nesi, Nadia Rauch (2014)
Km4City ontology building vs data harvesting and cleaning for smart-city servicesArXiv, abs/1508.01086
M. Deakin (2013)
Smart Cities : Governing, Modelling and Analysing the Transition
B. Cohen (2013)
The Smart CityWheel
G. Oates (2016)
How the rise of smart cities is impacting travel and tourism
M. Angelidou (2014)
Smart city policies: A spatial approachCities, 41
S. Molinillo, Rafael Anaya-Sánchez, Alastair Morrison, J. Coca‐Stefaniak (2019)
Smart city communication via social media: Analysing residents' and visitors' engagementCities
(2014)
Barcelona as a smart city: lessons learned from the evolution of the concept and the influence in the city attractiveness
U. Gretzel, Lina Zhong, C. Koo (2016)
Application of smart tourism to cities, 2
G. Cifaldi, Ionuţ Şerban (2018)
Smart Cities-Smart Societies
(2014)
Smart city innovation unit
R. Fletcher (2011)
Sustaining Tourism, Sustaining Capitalism? The Tourism Industry's Role in Global Capitalist ExpansionTourism Geographies, 13
Chung-Shing Chan, L. Marafa (2016)
The green branding of Hong Kong: visitors’ and residents’ perceptionsJournal of Place Management and Development, 9
A. Vanolo (2014)
Smartmentality: The Smart City as Disciplinary StrategyUrban Studies, 51
G. Baron (2013)
‘Smartness’ from the bottom up a few insights into the Amsterdam smart city programme
A. Coca-Stefaniak (2014)
Place branding and city centre management – exploring international parallels in research and practice
Sebastian Zenker, S. Beckmann (2013)
My place is not your place – different place brand knowledge by different target groupsJournal of Place Management and Development, 6
Luisa Errichiello, A. Marasco (2017)
Tourism Innovation-Oriented Public-Private Partnerships for Smart Destination Development, 8
A. Coca-Stefaniak, Shanaaz Carroll (2015)
Traditional or experiential places? -Exploring research needs and practitioner challenges in themanagement of town centres beyond the economic crisis
S. Chu (2011)
Brand Hong Kong: Asia's World City as Method?Visual Anthropology, 24
The purpose of this paper is to understand the perceptions of visitors in terms of multiple aspects of smart cities to allow wise decisions to be made about smart tourist destinations by municipal governments and tourism authorities.Design/methodology/approachThis study takes a sample of inbound visitors (n=205) from Hong Kong as an empirical questionnaire-based survey on visitors’ perceptions of these smart city attributes, which are collected from literature, and framed in Cohen’s Smart City Wheel.FindingsThis paper identifies the distinctive factors for branding Hong Kong as a smart city. The results from the factor analysis identify four factors for determining what a smart city is from the perspective of visitors, namely, the quality of a smart society: energy consumption in an urban environment, smart city governance and smart city livelihood. The first two factors further become the determinants of a successful smart city brand considered by visitors, which contribute to their locational decisions and thus the strategies and policies of smart destination branding.Research limitations/implicationsThe results obtained can serve as insights for tourism policy makers and destination marketers when considering significant information and communication technology, or other smart and sustainable attributes for city branding (e.g. Buhalis and Amaranggana, 2014; Marine-Roig and Anton Clavé, 2015), as well as common investment and resource allocation for shared benefits in similar metropolises.Practical implicationsThe smartness factors represent important dimensions of urban smartness as prioritized areas for further development, innovation and marketing of tourism industries and enterprises in Hong Kong, as a mature urban destination incorporating the branding of a proposed smart district as a strategy of urban development.Originality/valueSmart urban development and tourism development have increasingly become inseparable, especially when visitors utilize cities as tourist destinations but share other urban resources and spaces with local citizens. Unlike the development of smart tourist attractions, smart tourist destinations should have a wider scope of smartness. A smart tourist destination may carry similar and overlapping characteristics of smart cities, which may be interpreted by visitors and may eventually affect their perceived image of a city.
International Journal of Tourism Cities – Emerald Publishing
Published: Dec 3, 2019
Keywords: Hong Kong; City branding; Smart city; Smart tourism; Smart tourist destination
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.