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MarÃa Zambrano: Two Essays on Ruins (Translated with an Introduction and Notes by José MarÃa RodrÃguez GarcÃa)1 Translatorâs Introduction MarÃa Zambrano (born in Vélez Málaga, 1904 â died in Madrid, 1991) is widely recognised as one of Spainâs three most inï¬uential philosophers of the twentieth century, along with Miguel de Unamuno (1864â1936) and José Ortega y Gasset (1883â1955), whose work she engaged in multiple ways in the course of a long writing career. The daughter of a progressive educator and socialist militant (Blas Zambrano, a good friend of the poet Antonio Machado), she studied at Madridâs Universidad Central under Ortega y Gasset. There she had as her teachers two other eminent thinkers â Manuel GarcÃa Morente and Xavier Zubiri â who, like her, have long been overshadowed by Ortegaâs prodigious industriousness, personal charisma, and ability to compromise with the powers that be. Despite her indebtedness to these two teachers and to Ortega himself, Zambrano is unique not just because she was a woman, but also because her writing is often closer to poetry than to philosophy, without necessarily connoting a gendered form of discourse. In this respect she resembles and surpasses Unamuno. This introduction will outline the literary
Modernist Cultures – Edinburgh University Press
Published: May 1, 2012
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