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A Conflict of Ideologies and an Ideology of Conflicts in Early Modern Pashto Writings

A Conflict of Ideologies and an Ideology of Conflicts in Early Modern Pashto Writings AConflict of Ideologies and an Ideology of Conflicts in Early Modern Pashto Writings MIKHAIL PELEVIN Authentic Pashto manuscripts and reliable indirect evidence indicate that the first writings in the Pashto language appeared not earlier than in the 1530s, at the very beginning of Mughal rule in India. It was in these times that the historical dominance of Persian as a lingua franca, a common tool of written and oral interethnic communication in the vast territories of the Middle East, Transoxiana and North-West India, gradually began to decline with the rise of regional national idioms as at first subordinate, and later, alternative written languages. Spoken by Islamized peoples, these languages, including East-Iranian Pashto, adopted the Arabic-Persian alphabet modified to better correspond to their phonetics. In a number of Pashto texts of the 16–17th centuries, we come across brief instructions on writing and reading Pashto letters, or declarations of priority in invention of the Pashto script, or recurring remarks specifying the language in which these texts are written. Such statements as well as numerous “spiritual alphabets” (alif-nāma), pedagogical texts mainly in verse that aimed at teaching both the Arabic letters and the basic notions of Islamic dogma and ethics, could appear http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Afghanistan: Journal of the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies Edinburgh University Press

A Conflict of Ideologies and an Ideology of Conflicts in Early Modern Pashto Writings

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Publisher
Edinburgh University Press
Copyright
Copyright © Edinburgh University Press
ISSN
2399-357X
eISSN
2399-3588
DOI
10.3366/afg.2021.0066
Publisher site
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Abstract

AConflict of Ideologies and an Ideology of Conflicts in Early Modern Pashto Writings MIKHAIL PELEVIN Authentic Pashto manuscripts and reliable indirect evidence indicate that the first writings in the Pashto language appeared not earlier than in the 1530s, at the very beginning of Mughal rule in India. It was in these times that the historical dominance of Persian as a lingua franca, a common tool of written and oral interethnic communication in the vast territories of the Middle East, Transoxiana and North-West India, gradually began to decline with the rise of regional national idioms as at first subordinate, and later, alternative written languages. Spoken by Islamized peoples, these languages, including East-Iranian Pashto, adopted the Arabic-Persian alphabet modified to better correspond to their phonetics. In a number of Pashto texts of the 16–17th centuries, we come across brief instructions on writing and reading Pashto letters, or declarations of priority in invention of the Pashto script, or recurring remarks specifying the language in which these texts are written. Such statements as well as numerous “spiritual alphabets” (alif-nāma), pedagogical texts mainly in verse that aimed at teaching both the Arabic letters and the basic notions of Islamic dogma and ethics, could appear

Journal

Afghanistan: Journal of the American Institute of Afghanistan Studies – Edinburgh University Press

Published: Apr 1, 2021

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