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What Is the Terroir of Synthetic Yeast?

What Is the Terroir of Synthetic Yeast? Humans and yeast have a long history of productive collaboration in making a global array of fermented foodstuffs including wine, bread, and beer. Synthetic biology is now changing the shape of human-yeast work. The Sc2.0, or “synthetic yeast,” project aims to completely reengineer the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, designing an organism with improved capacities for scientific research and diverse industrial applications. Notably, synthetic yeast has present connections with the wine industry and likely futures in our wider foodscapes. Here I suggest that we imagine this scientific object, synthetic yeast, as an incipient cultural object by asking: what is the terroir of synthetic yeast? Terroir invokes tangled relationships among the many variably human and nonhuman, living and nonliving participants in a landscape. Terroir replaces synthetic yeast in its context of production, against scientific narratives that work to create utopian, placeless organisms. Terroir is moreover a world-building tool, not about discovering and describing a place but about constructing and connecting to one. Inquiring about terroir therefore suggests that rather than ask how far humans should go in manipulating nature, we instead ask how humans can continue to cultivate the relationships that constitute our humanity and sustain our environments. Fundamentally, I suggest that the best futures for synthetic yeast are those that connect rather than estrange; in other words, that we continue to value terroir in imagining how synthetic yeast satisfies the more-than-caloric needs of future appetites. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Environmental Humanities Duke University Press

What Is the Terroir of Synthetic Yeast?

Szymanski, Erika Amethyst
Environmental Humanities , Volume 10 (1) – May 1, 2018
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Copyright
© 2018 Erika Amethyst Szymanski
ISSN
2201-1919
eISSN
2201-1919
DOI
10.1215/22011919-4385462
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Humans and yeast have a long history of productive collaboration in making a global array of fermented foodstuffs including wine, bread, and beer. Synthetic biology is now changing the shape of human-yeast work. The Sc2.0, or “synthetic yeast,” project aims to completely reengineer the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, designing an organism with improved capacities for scientific research and diverse industrial applications. Notably, synthetic yeast has present connections with the wine industry and likely futures in our wider foodscapes. Here I suggest that we imagine this scientific object, synthetic yeast, as an incipient cultural object by asking: what is the terroir of synthetic yeast? Terroir invokes tangled relationships among the many variably human and nonhuman, living and nonliving participants in a landscape. Terroir replaces synthetic yeast in its context of production, against scientific narratives that work to create utopian, placeless organisms. Terroir is moreover a world-building tool, not about discovering and describing a place but about constructing and connecting to one. Inquiring about terroir therefore suggests that rather than ask how far humans should go in manipulating nature, we instead ask how humans can continue to cultivate the relationships that constitute our humanity and sustain our environments. Fundamentally, I suggest that the best futures for synthetic yeast are those that connect rather than estrange; in other words, that we continue to value terroir in imagining how synthetic yeast satisfies the more-than-caloric needs of future appetites.

Journal

Environmental Humanities – Duke University Press

Published: May 1, 2018

References

  • The Next Generation of Synthetic Biology Chassis: Moving Synthetic Biology from the Laboratory to the Field
    Adams, Bryn L.
  • A Wise Consistency: Engineering Biology for Conformity, Reliability, Predictability
    Arkin, Adam Paul
  • Biosynthesis of Therapeutic Natural Products Using Synthetic Biology
    Awan, Ali R. Shaw, William M. Ellis, Tom
  • A History of Research on Yeasts 2: Louis Pasteur and His Contemporaries, 1850–1880
    Barnett, James A.
  • Introduction: More-than-Human Participatory Research: Contexts, Challenges, Possibilities
    Bastian, Michelle Jones, Owain Moore, Niamh Roe, Emma Bastian, Michelle Jones, Owain Moore, Niamh Roe, Emma
  • Associations among Wine Grape Microbiome, Metabolome, and Fermentation Behavior Suggest Microbial Contribution to Regional Wine Characteristics
    Bokulich, Nicholas A. Collins, Thomas S. Masarweh, Chad Allen, Greg Heymann, Hildegarde Ebeler, Susan E. Mills, David A.
  • At the Cutting-Edge of Grape and Wine Biotechnology
    Borneman, Anthony R. Schmidt, Simon A. Pretorius, Isak S.
  • Designer Deletion Strains Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C: A Useful Set of Strains and Plasmids for PCR-Mediated Gene Disruption and Other Applications
    Brachman, Carrie Baker Adrian, Gregory J. Cost, Emerita Caputo Li, Joachim Hieter, Philip Boeke, Jef D.
  • Killing in More-than-Human Spaces: Pasteurisation, Fungi, and the Metabolic Lives of Wine
    Brice, Jeremy
  • SynBio: Democratizing Biotechnology?
    Burgess, Steven
  • The Commodification of Emergence: Systems Biology, Synthetic Biology, and Intellectual Property
    Calvert, Jane
  • Synthetic Biology: Constructing Nature?
    Calvert, Jane
  • The Concept of Terroir: The Elusive Cultural Element as Defined by the Central Otago Wine Region
    Caple, Susan Thyne, Maree
  • Evidence for S. Cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine
    Cavalieri, Duccio McGovern, Patrick E. Hartl, Daniel L. Mortimer, Robert Polsinelli, Mario
  • Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: Generation of Infectious Virus in the Absence of Natural Template
    Cello, Jeronimo Paul, Aniko V. Wimmer, Eckard
  • Synthetic Biology: Advancing Biological Frontiers by Building Synthetic Systems
    Chen, Yvonne Y. Galloway, Kate E. Smolke, Christina D.
  • The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: Mechanics of a Fluid Technology
    de Laet, Marianne Mol, Annemarie
  • Beyond Terroir: Territorial Construction, Hegemonic Discourses, and French Wine Culture
    Demossier, Marion
  • Synthetic Chromosome Arms Function in Yeast and Generate Phenotypic Diversity by Design
    Dymond, Jessica S. Richardson, Sarah M. Coombes, Candice E. Babatz, Timothy Muller, Héloïse Annaluru, Narayana Blake, William J. Schwerzmann, Joy Dai, Junbiao Lindstrom, Derek L. Boeke, Annabel C. Gottschling, Daniel Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan Bader, Joel S. Boeke, Jef D.
  • Foundations for Engineering Biology
    Endy, Drew
  • Synthetic Biology: A Yeast for All Reasons
    Enyeart, Peter J. Ellington, Andrew D.
  • Making Big Promises Come True? Articulating and Realizing Value in Synthetic Biology
    Frow, Emma K.
  • Complete Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a Mycloplasma genitalium Genome
    Gibson, Daniel G. Benders, Gwynedd A. Andrews-Pfannkoch, Cynthia Denisova, Evgeniya A. Baden-Tillson, Holly Zaveri, Jayshree Stockwell, Timothy B. Brownley, Anushka Thomas, David W. Algire, Mikkel A. Merryman, Chuck Young, Lei Noskov, Vladimir N. Glass, John I. Venter, J. Craig Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Smith, Hamilton O.
  • Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome
    Gibson, Daniel G. Glass, John I. Lartigue, Carole Noskov, Vladimir N. Chuang, Ray-Yuan Algire, Mikkel A. Benders, Gwynedd A. Montague, Michael G. Ma, Li Moodie, Monzia M. Marryman, Chuck Vashee, Sanjay Krishnakumar, Radha Assad-Garcia, Nacrya Andrews-Pfannkoch, Cynthia Denisova, Evgeniya A. Young, Lei Qi, Zhi-Qing Segall-Shapiro, Thomas H. Calvey, Christopher H. Parmar, Prashanth P. Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Smith, Hamilton O. Venter, Craig
  • City as Truth-Spot: Laboratories and Field-Sites in Urban Studies
    Gieryn, Timothy F.
  • Microbiology: Mixing Wine, Chocolate, and Coffee
    Goddard, Matthew R.
  • Guide du demandeur d’une apellation d’origine protégée (AOP) ou d’une indication géographique protégée (IGP)
  • Labour
    Hamilton, Jennifer
  • Wine-Washing: Colonization, Normalization, and the Geopolitics of Terroir in the West Bank’s Settlements
    Handel, Ariel Rand, Galit Allegra, Marco
  • Anthropocence, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin
    Haraway, Donna
  • Scientists Create Synthetic Yeast Chromosome (and Unlock the Future of Beer)
    Herkewitz, William
  • The War on Terroir: Geographical Indications as a Transatlantic Trade Conflict
    Josling, Tim
  • Terroir: The Truth
    Joy, Rupert
  • Regional Microbial Signatures Positively Correlate with Differential Wine Phenotypes: Evidence for a Microbial Aspect to Terroir
    Knight, Sarah Klaere, Steffan Fedrizzi, Bruno Goddard, Matthew R.
  • Avian Bedlam: Toward a Biosemiosis of Troubled Parrots
    Langford, Jean M.
  • Naturecultures? Science, Affect, and the Non-Human
    Latimer, Joanna Miele, Mara
  • Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands
    Latour, Bruno
  • Heterologous Production of Raspberry Ketone in the Wine Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Pathway Engineering and Synthetic Enzyme Fusion
    Lee, Danna Lloyd, Natoiya D. R. Pretorius, Isak S. Borneman, Antony R.
  • Herding Memories of Humans and Animals
    Lorimer, Hayden
  • Gut Buddies: Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • Nonhuman Charisma
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • On Auks and Awkwardness
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • Independent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation
    Ludlow, Catherine L. Cromie, Gareth A. Garmendia-Torres, Cecelia Sirr, Amy Hays, Michelle Field, Colburn Jeffrey, Eric W. Fay, Justin C. Dudley, Aimee M.
  • Rejection of GM Crops Is Not a Failure for Science
    Macilwain, Colin
  • Design in Synthetic Biology
    Mackenzie, Adrian
  • The Construction of Imaginaries of the Public as a Threat to Synthetic Biology
    Marris, Claire
  • Placing a New Science: Exploring Spatial and Temporal Configurations of Synthetic Biology
    Meyer, Morgan Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan Merz, Martina Sormani, Philippe
  • Versatile Genetic Assembly System (VEGAS) to Assemble Pathways for Expression in S. cerevisiae
    Mitchell, Leslie A. Chuang, James Agmon, Neta Khunsriraksakul, Chachrit Phillips, Nick A. Cai, Yizhi Truong, David M. Veerakumar, Ashan Wang, Yuxuan Mayorga, Maria Blomquist, Paul Sadda, Praneeth Trueheart, Joshua Boeke, Jef D.
  • Tales of Emergence—Synthetic Biology as a Scientific Community in the Making
    Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan Meyer, Morgan
  • Genealogy of Principal Strains of the Yeast Genetic Stock Center
    Mortimer, Robert K. Johnston, John R.
  • On Epistemological Black Boxes, Human Self-Assurance, and the Hybridity of Practices and Values
    Müller, Oliver
  • From Dirt to Industrial Applications: Pseudomonas putida as a Synthetic Biology Chassis for Hosting Harsh Biochemical Reactions
    Nikel, Pablo I. Chavarria, Max Danchin, Antoine de Lorenzo, Victor
  • Knowledge-Making Distinctions in Synthetic Biology
    O’Malley, Maureen A. Powell, Alexander Davies, Jonathan F. Calvert, Jane
  • Engineered Cell-Cell Communication via DNA Messaging
    Ortiz, Monica E. Endy, Drew
  • Yeast Biodiversity from DOQ Priorat Uninoculated Fermentations
    Padilla, Beatriz Garcia-Fernandez, David Gonzalez, Beatriz Izidoro, Iara Esteve-Zarzoso, Braulio Beltran, Gemma Mas, Albert
  • Locating Value in Artisan Cheese: Reverse Engineering Terroir for New-World Landscapes
    Paxson, Heather
  • Synthetic Biology: Fostering the Cyber-Biological Revolution
    Peccoud, Jean
  • Synthetic Genome Engineering Forging New Frontiers for Wine Yeast
    Pretorius, Isak S.
  • Computer Assisted Design for Synthetic Biology
    Richardson, Sarah M.
  • Biobricks and Crocheted Coral: Dispatches from the Life Sciences in the Age of Fabrication
    Roosth, Sophia
  • Five Hundred Years of Thomas More’s Utopia and Utopianism
    Sargent, Lyman Tower
  • Do I Understand What I Can Create? Biosafety Issues in Synthetic Biology
    Schmidt, Marcus Schmidt, Markus Kelle, Alexander Ganguli-Mitra, Agomoni de Vriend, Huib
  • How a ‘Drive to Make’ Shapes Synthetic Biology
    Schyfter, Pablo
  • Intentions, Expectations, and Institutions: Engineering the Future of Synthetic Biology in the USA and the UK
    Schyfter, Pablo Calvert, Jane
  • Photosynthetic Fish and Other Oddities
    Singer, Emily
  • Generating a Synthetic Genome by Whole Genome Assembly: PhiX174 Bacteriophage from Synthetic Oligonucleotides
    Smith, Hamilton O. Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Pfannkoch, Cynthia Venter, J. Craig
  • Homologous Recombination
    Symington, Lorraine Linder, Patrick Shore, David Hall, Michael N.
  • Biodesign for the Bioeconomy: UK Synthetic Biology
  • Soil Influence on Root Distribution and Implications for Berry and Wine Quality of the Tocai Friulano Variety
    Tomasi, Diego Battista, Fabrizio Gaiotti, Federica Mosetti, Davide Bragato, Gilberto
  • Incorporating Terroir: L’Affaire Mondavi Reconsidered
    Trubek, Amy B.
  • Creating the Taste of Place in the United States: Can We Learn from the French?
    Trubek, Amy B. Bowen, Sarah
  • Unruly Edges: Mushrooms as Companion Species
    Tsing, Anna
  • What’s in a Name?
  • The Next Generation of Synthetic Biology Chassis: Moving Synthetic Biology from the Laboratory to the Field
    Adams, Bryn L.
  • A Wise Consistency: Engineering Biology for Conformity, Reliability, Predictability
    Arkin, Adam Paul
  • Biosynthesis of Therapeutic Natural Products Using Synthetic Biology
    Awan, Ali R. Shaw, William M. Ellis, Tom
  • A History of Research on Yeasts 2: Louis Pasteur and His Contemporaries, 1850–1880
    Barnett, James A.
  • Introduction: More-than-Human Participatory Research: Contexts, Challenges, Possibilities
    Bastian, Michelle Jones, Owain Moore, Niamh Roe, Emma Bastian, Michelle Jones, Owain Moore, Niamh Roe, Emma
  • Associations among Wine Grape Microbiome, Metabolome, and Fermentation Behavior Suggest Microbial Contribution to Regional Wine Characteristics
    Bokulich, Nicholas A. Collins, Thomas S. Masarweh, Chad Allen, Greg Heymann, Hildegarde Ebeler, Susan E. Mills, David A.
  • At the Cutting-Edge of Grape and Wine Biotechnology
    Borneman, Anthony R. Schmidt, Simon A. Pretorius, Isak S.
  • Designer Deletion Strains Derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C: A Useful Set of Strains and Plasmids for PCR-Mediated Gene Disruption and Other Applications
    Brachman, Carrie Baker Adrian, Gregory J. Cost, Emerita Caputo Li, Joachim Hieter, Philip Boeke, Jef D.
  • Killing in More-than-Human Spaces: Pasteurisation, Fungi, and the Metabolic Lives of Wine
    Brice, Jeremy
  • SynBio: Democratizing Biotechnology?
    Burgess, Steven
  • The Commodification of Emergence: Systems Biology, Synthetic Biology, and Intellectual Property
    Calvert, Jane
  • Synthetic Biology: Constructing Nature?
    Calvert, Jane
  • The Concept of Terroir: The Elusive Cultural Element as Defined by the Central Otago Wine Region
    Caple, Susan Thyne, Maree
  • Evidence for S. Cerevisiae Fermentation in Ancient Wine
    Cavalieri, Duccio McGovern, Patrick E. Hartl, Daniel L. Mortimer, Robert Polsinelli, Mario
  • Chemical Synthesis of Poliovirus cDNA: Generation of Infectious Virus in the Absence of Natural Template
    Cello, Jeronimo Paul, Aniko V. Wimmer, Eckard
  • Synthetic Biology: Advancing Biological Frontiers by Building Synthetic Systems
    Chen, Yvonne Y. Galloway, Kate E. Smolke, Christina D.
  • The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: Mechanics of a Fluid Technology
    de Laet, Marianne Mol, Annemarie
  • Beyond Terroir: Territorial Construction, Hegemonic Discourses, and French Wine Culture
    Demossier, Marion
  • Synthetic Chromosome Arms Function in Yeast and Generate Phenotypic Diversity by Design
    Dymond, Jessica S. Richardson, Sarah M. Coombes, Candice E. Babatz, Timothy Muller, Héloïse Annaluru, Narayana Blake, William J. Schwerzmann, Joy Dai, Junbiao Lindstrom, Derek L. Boeke, Annabel C. Gottschling, Daniel Chandrasegaran, Srinivasan Bader, Joel S. Boeke, Jef D.
  • Foundations for Engineering Biology
    Endy, Drew
  • Synthetic Biology: A Yeast for All Reasons
    Enyeart, Peter J. Ellington, Andrew D.
  • Making Big Promises Come True? Articulating and Realizing Value in Synthetic Biology
    Frow, Emma K.
  • Complete Chemical Synthesis, Assembly, and Cloning of a Mycloplasma genitalium Genome
    Gibson, Daniel G. Benders, Gwynedd A. Andrews-Pfannkoch, Cynthia Denisova, Evgeniya A. Baden-Tillson, Holly Zaveri, Jayshree Stockwell, Timothy B. Brownley, Anushka Thomas, David W. Algire, Mikkel A. Merryman, Chuck Young, Lei Noskov, Vladimir N. Glass, John I. Venter, J. Craig Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Smith, Hamilton O.
  • Creation of a Bacterial Cell Controlled by a Chemically Synthesized Genome
    Gibson, Daniel G. Glass, John I. Lartigue, Carole Noskov, Vladimir N. Chuang, Ray-Yuan Algire, Mikkel A. Benders, Gwynedd A. Montague, Michael G. Ma, Li Moodie, Monzia M. Marryman, Chuck Vashee, Sanjay Krishnakumar, Radha Assad-Garcia, Nacrya Andrews-Pfannkoch, Cynthia Denisova, Evgeniya A. Young, Lei Qi, Zhi-Qing Segall-Shapiro, Thomas H. Calvey, Christopher H. Parmar, Prashanth P. Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Smith, Hamilton O. Venter, Craig
  • City as Truth-Spot: Laboratories and Field-Sites in Urban Studies
    Gieryn, Timothy F.
  • Microbiology: Mixing Wine, Chocolate, and Coffee
    Goddard, Matthew R.
  • Guide du demandeur d’une apellation d’origine protégée (AOP) ou d’une indication géographique protégée (IGP)
  • Labour
    Hamilton, Jennifer
  • Wine-Washing: Colonization, Normalization, and the Geopolitics of Terroir in the West Bank’s Settlements
    Handel, Ariel Rand, Galit Allegra, Marco
  • Anthropocence, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making Kin
    Haraway, Donna
  • Scientists Create Synthetic Yeast Chromosome (and Unlock the Future of Beer)
    Herkewitz, William
  • The War on Terroir: Geographical Indications as a Transatlantic Trade Conflict
    Josling, Tim
  • Terroir: The Truth
    Joy, Rupert
  • Regional Microbial Signatures Positively Correlate with Differential Wine Phenotypes: Evidence for a Microbial Aspect to Terroir
    Knight, Sarah Klaere, Steffan Fedrizzi, Bruno Goddard, Matthew R.
  • Avian Bedlam: Toward a Biosemiosis of Troubled Parrots
    Langford, Jean M.
  • Naturecultures? Science, Affect, and the Non-Human
    Latimer, Joanna Miele, Mara
  • Visualization and Cognition: Thinking with Eyes and Hands
    Latour, Bruno
  • Heterologous Production of Raspberry Ketone in the Wine Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae via Pathway Engineering and Synthetic Enzyme Fusion
    Lee, Danna Lloyd, Natoiya D. R. Pretorius, Isak S. Borneman, Antony R.
  • Herding Memories of Humans and Animals
    Lorimer, Hayden
  • Gut Buddies: Multispecies Studies and the Microbiome
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • Nonhuman Charisma
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • On Auks and Awkwardness
    Lorimer, Jamie
  • Independent Origins of Yeast Associated with Coffee and Cacao Fermentation
    Ludlow, Catherine L. Cromie, Gareth A. Garmendia-Torres, Cecelia Sirr, Amy Hays, Michelle Field, Colburn Jeffrey, Eric W. Fay, Justin C. Dudley, Aimee M.
  • Rejection of GM Crops Is Not a Failure for Science
    Macilwain, Colin
  • Design in Synthetic Biology
    Mackenzie, Adrian
  • The Construction of Imaginaries of the Public as a Threat to Synthetic Biology
    Marris, Claire
  • Placing a New Science: Exploring Spatial and Temporal Configurations of Synthetic Biology
    Meyer, Morgan Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan Merz, Martina Sormani, Philippe
  • Versatile Genetic Assembly System (VEGAS) to Assemble Pathways for Expression in S. cerevisiae
    Mitchell, Leslie A. Chuang, James Agmon, Neta Khunsriraksakul, Chachrit Phillips, Nick A. Cai, Yizhi Truong, David M. Veerakumar, Ashan Wang, Yuxuan Mayorga, Maria Blomquist, Paul Sadda, Praneeth Trueheart, Joshua Boeke, Jef D.
  • Tales of Emergence—Synthetic Biology as a Scientific Community in the Making
    Molyneux-Hodgson, Susan Meyer, Morgan
  • Genealogy of Principal Strains of the Yeast Genetic Stock Center
    Mortimer, Robert K. Johnston, John R.
  • On Epistemological Black Boxes, Human Self-Assurance, and the Hybridity of Practices and Values
    Müller, Oliver
  • From Dirt to Industrial Applications: Pseudomonas putida as a Synthetic Biology Chassis for Hosting Harsh Biochemical Reactions
    Nikel, Pablo I. Chavarria, Max Danchin, Antoine de Lorenzo, Victor
  • Knowledge-Making Distinctions in Synthetic Biology
    O’Malley, Maureen A. Powell, Alexander Davies, Jonathan F. Calvert, Jane
  • Engineered Cell-Cell Communication via DNA Messaging
    Ortiz, Monica E. Endy, Drew
  • Yeast Biodiversity from DOQ Priorat Uninoculated Fermentations
    Padilla, Beatriz Garcia-Fernandez, David Gonzalez, Beatriz Izidoro, Iara Esteve-Zarzoso, Braulio Beltran, Gemma Mas, Albert
  • Locating Value in Artisan Cheese: Reverse Engineering Terroir for New-World Landscapes
    Paxson, Heather
  • Synthetic Biology: Fostering the Cyber-Biological Revolution
    Peccoud, Jean
  • Synthetic Genome Engineering Forging New Frontiers for Wine Yeast
    Pretorius, Isak S.
  • Computer Assisted Design for Synthetic Biology
    Richardson, Sarah M.
  • Biobricks and Crocheted Coral: Dispatches from the Life Sciences in the Age of Fabrication
    Roosth, Sophia
  • Five Hundred Years of Thomas More’s Utopia and Utopianism
    Sargent, Lyman Tower
  • Do I Understand What I Can Create? Biosafety Issues in Synthetic Biology
    Schmidt, Marcus Schmidt, Markus Kelle, Alexander Ganguli-Mitra, Agomoni de Vriend, Huib
  • How a ‘Drive to Make’ Shapes Synthetic Biology
    Schyfter, Pablo
  • Intentions, Expectations, and Institutions: Engineering the Future of Synthetic Biology in the USA and the UK
    Schyfter, Pablo Calvert, Jane
  • Photosynthetic Fish and Other Oddities
    Singer, Emily
  • Generating a Synthetic Genome by Whole Genome Assembly: PhiX174 Bacteriophage from Synthetic Oligonucleotides
    Smith, Hamilton O. Hutchinson, Clyde A.III Pfannkoch, Cynthia Venter, J. Craig
  • Homologous Recombination
    Symington, Lorraine Linder, Patrick Shore, David Hall, Michael N.
  • Biodesign for the Bioeconomy: UK Synthetic Biology
  • Soil Influence on Root Distribution and Implications for Berry and Wine Quality of the Tocai Friulano Variety
    Tomasi, Diego Battista, Fabrizio Gaiotti, Federica Mosetti, Davide Bragato, Gilberto
  • Incorporating Terroir: L’Affaire Mondavi Reconsidered
    Trubek, Amy B.
  • Creating the Taste of Place in the United States: Can We Learn from the French?
    Trubek, Amy B. Bowen, Sarah
  • Unruly Edges: Mushrooms as Companion Species
    Tsing, Anna
  • What’s in a Name?