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North Korea’s Marxism-Leninism: Fraternal Criticisms and the Development of North Korean Ideology in the 1960s

North Korea’s Marxism-Leninism: Fraternal Criticisms and the Development of North Korean Ideology... During the 1960s, as the Sino-Soviet conflict raged on, North Korea, for the first time in its history, officially began to reject the USSR’s ideological leadership and instead tread its own path under the slogan of self-reliance. As a result, those forces aligned with the Soviet Union, especially East Germany, heavily criticized North Korea’s new ideological path. Drawing on the East German archives, this study seeks to understand the nature of fraternal criticisms and their implications for the development of North Korean ideology in the 1960s. Scholars typically stress North Korean ideology’s departure from Marxism-Leninism, sometimes suggesting a departure as early as the 1950s. The present study, based on a thorough reading of archival documents and North Korean materials, challenges such portrayals, arguing that North Korea remained in the Marxist-Leninist tradition even while contesting Soviet orthodoxy. Developments in North Korean ideology were far more gradual than is usually assumed, building on what came before. These developments were by no means revolutionary or removed from the global intellectual environment. The Soviets and East Germans could understand North Korean heterodoxy and engage with it in Marxist-Leninist terms, just as North Korea did with Soviet Marxism-Leninism—there was no fundamental ideological split. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Korean Studies Duke University Press

North Korea’s Marxism-Leninism: Fraternal Criticisms and the Development of North Korean Ideology in the 1960s

Stock, Thomas
Journal of Korean Studies , Volume 24 (1) – Mar 1, 2019
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21 pages

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Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York
ISSN
0731-1613
eISSN
2158-1665
DOI
10.1215/21581665-7258081
Publisher site
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Abstract

During the 1960s, as the Sino-Soviet conflict raged on, North Korea, for the first time in its history, officially began to reject the USSR’s ideological leadership and instead tread its own path under the slogan of self-reliance. As a result, those forces aligned with the Soviet Union, especially East Germany, heavily criticized North Korea’s new ideological path. Drawing on the East German archives, this study seeks to understand the nature of fraternal criticisms and their implications for the development of North Korean ideology in the 1960s. Scholars typically stress North Korean ideology’s departure from Marxism-Leninism, sometimes suggesting a departure as early as the 1950s. The present study, based on a thorough reading of archival documents and North Korean materials, challenges such portrayals, arguing that North Korea remained in the Marxist-Leninist tradition even while contesting Soviet orthodoxy. Developments in North Korean ideology were far more gradual than is usually assumed, building on what came before. These developments were by no means revolutionary or removed from the global intellectual environment. The Soviets and East Germans could understand North Korean heterodoxy and engage with it in Marxist-Leninist terms, just as North Korea did with Soviet Marxism-Leninism—there was no fundamental ideological split.

Journal

Journal of Korean Studies – Duke University Press

Published: Mar 1, 2019

References

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  • Articles by the Chairman of the Communist Party of the Netherlands, Paul de Groot, on a Speech by Kim Il Sung in the Central Organ ‘De Waarheid,’
  • Assessment of the Article ‘A New Achievement in the Research on the Revolutionary Movement of the Korean People in Modern Times,’
  • Chajusŏng ŭl ongho haja
  • Charyŏk kaengsaeng kwa charipchŏk minjok kyŏngje ŭi kŏnsŏl
  • Charyŏk kaengsaeng ŭn kongsanjuŭijadŭl ŭi hyŏngmyŏngjŏk kip’ung ida
  • Ch’ŏngsan-ri kyosi chiphaeng esŏ ŏdŭn sŏnggwa rŭl tŏuk konggo palchŏn sik’ija
  • Kongsandang mit Nodongdang taep’yodŭl ŭi hoeŭi saŏp kwa kwallyŏnhan Chosŏn Nodongdang Chungang Wiwŏnhoe chŏnwŏn hoeŭi kyŏlchŏngsŏ
  • Marksŭ-Leninjuŭi iron ŭi ch’angjojŏk sŭptŭk ŭl wihayŏ
  • Modŭn him ŭl tahayŏ yŏsŏt kae koji rŭl chŏmnyŏng haja
  • Paekchŏn paeksŭng ŭi Lenin ŭi kich’i
  • Ssoryŏn Kongsandang kangnyŏng (Ch’oan)
  • Uri tang che 4-ch’a taehoe nŭn Chosŏn esŏ Marksŭ-Leninjuŭi ŭi widaehan sŭngni rŭl siwi hayŏtta
  • Declaration of Communist and Workers’ Parties of the Socialist Countries
  • Compilation of Arguments by the Workers’ Party of Korea on the Basic Questions of Our Epoch
  • Corporatism in North Korea
    Cumings, Bruce
  • Between Confucianism and Marxism-Leninism: Juche and the Case of Chong Tasan
    David-West, Alzo
  • The DPRK’s Position Regarding Peaceful Coexistence
  • The Global Communist Movement and the Revolution in Southeast Asia
  • Wounded Nationalism: The Minsaengdan Incident and Kim Il Sung in Eastern Manchuria
    Han, Hongkoo
  • The Influence of the Chinese Communist Party on the Politics of the WPK
  • Information Concerning a Serious Incident with the Cuban Ambassador on March 28, 1965 in Pyongyang
  • Information for the Members and Candidates of the Politburo Concerning the Conference of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Netherlands on September 26/27, 1964
  • Political Uses of Confucianism in North Korea
    Kang, Jin Woong
  • Hyŏn chŏngse wa uri tang ŭi kwaŏp
    Kim, Il Sung
  • Kim Ilsŏng susang ŭi sinnyŏnsa
    Kim, Il Sung
  • Leninism and the Present Times: The Report of Comrade Paul de Groot, Honorary Member of the Central Committee of the CPN
  • Information on the Reunification Policy of the Korean Workers’ Party
    Leonard, Grace
  • Report on the Incident Involving the Cuban Ambassador and the Delegation of Physicians from Cuba While in North Korea
    Leonard, Grace
  • Memorandum about the Initial Visit with Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pak Sŏng-Ch’ŏl, on September 16, 1964
  • Memorandum Concerning a Conversation with Comrade Moszkowski at the Soviet Embassy on January 5, 1965
  • Memorandum Concerning the Contents of the Meetings between the Representatives of the Communist and Workers’ Parties, Who Came Together for an Exchange of Opinions on the Occasion of the Third Party Congress of the Rumanian Workers’ Party in Bucharest
  • Minutes of the Executive Meeting from 1/8/1964
  • Minutes of the Executive Meeting from 9/13/1963
  • Minutes of the Members’ Assembly of the Party Organization from June 14, 1963
  • The Watershed That Wasn’t: Re-Evaluating Kim Il Sung’s ‘Juche Speech’ of 1955
    Myers, Brian
  • Hyŏngmyŏng ŭi chuch’ejŏk yoin kwa kukchejŏk yoin
    No, Sŏnggwŏn
  • Note on the Dinner with the Ambassador of the PR of Bulgaria on 12/15/1961
  • Plenary Sessions of the Drafting Committee in Preparation for the November-Conference of Communist and Workers’ Parties
  • Report about the Stay of a State Delegation of the GDR in the DPRK at the Celebrations of the 20th Anniversary of the DPRK’s Founding
  • Resolution of the Election Report Assembly of the SED Party Organization at the Embassy in Pyongyang
  • Statements from the Election Report Assembly of the SED Ground Organization at the GDR Embassy in the DPRK
  • Stenographic Record of the Third Party Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, July 20–24, 1950
  • To the Chairman of the Ideological Committee of the SED County Leadership in Hainichen
  • The Workers’ Party of Korea’s Assessment of the 22nd Congress of the CPSU
  • Hangil mujang t’ujaeng sigi e parhwidoen charyŏk kaengsaeng ŭi hyŏngmyŏng chŏngsin
    Yi, Sanghun
  • Tang chŏngch’aek ŭn simohi yŏn’gu haja
    Yun, Yŏnggi
  • Abridgment of the Relations Report of the GDR Embassy in the DPRK for the Year 1962
  • Articles by the Chairman of the Communist Party of the Netherlands, Paul de Groot, on a Speech by Kim Il Sung in the Central Organ ‘De Waarheid,’
  • Assessment of the Article ‘A New Achievement in the Research on the Revolutionary Movement of the Korean People in Modern Times,’
  • Chajusŏng ŭl ongho haja
  • Charyŏk kaengsaeng kwa charipchŏk minjok kyŏngje ŭi kŏnsŏl
  • Charyŏk kaengsaeng ŭn kongsanjuŭijadŭl ŭi hyŏngmyŏngjŏk kip’ung ida
  • Ch’ŏngsan-ri kyosi chiphaeng esŏ ŏdŭn sŏnggwa rŭl tŏuk konggo palchŏn sik’ija
  • Kongsandang mit Nodongdang taep’yodŭl ŭi hoeŭi saŏp kwa kwallyŏnhan Chosŏn Nodongdang Chungang Wiwŏnhoe chŏnwŏn hoeŭi kyŏlchŏngsŏ
  • Marksŭ-Leninjuŭi iron ŭi ch’angjojŏk sŭptŭk ŭl wihayŏ
  • Modŭn him ŭl tahayŏ yŏsŏt kae koji rŭl chŏmnyŏng haja
  • Paekchŏn paeksŭng ŭi Lenin ŭi kich’i
  • Ssoryŏn Kongsandang kangnyŏng (Ch’oan)
  • Uri tang che 4-ch’a taehoe nŭn Chosŏn esŏ Marksŭ-Leninjuŭi ŭi widaehan sŭngni rŭl siwi hayŏtta
  • Declaration of Communist and Workers’ Parties of the Socialist Countries
  • Compilation of Arguments by the Workers’ Party of Korea on the Basic Questions of Our Epoch
  • Corporatism in North Korea
    Cumings, Bruce
  • Between Confucianism and Marxism-Leninism: Juche and the Case of Chong Tasan
    David-West, Alzo
  • The DPRK’s Position Regarding Peaceful Coexistence
  • The Global Communist Movement and the Revolution in Southeast Asia
  • Wounded Nationalism: The Minsaengdan Incident and Kim Il Sung in Eastern Manchuria
    Han, Hongkoo
  • The Influence of the Chinese Communist Party on the Politics of the WPK
  • Information Concerning a Serious Incident with the Cuban Ambassador on March 28, 1965 in Pyongyang
  • Information for the Members and Candidates of the Politburo Concerning the Conference of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Netherlands on September 26/27, 1964
  • Political Uses of Confucianism in North Korea
    Kang, Jin Woong
  • Hyŏn chŏngse wa uri tang ŭi kwaŏp
    Kim, Il Sung
  • Kim Ilsŏng susang ŭi sinnyŏnsa
    Kim, Il Sung
  • Leninism and the Present Times: The Report of Comrade Paul de Groot, Honorary Member of the Central Committee of the CPN
  • Information on the Reunification Policy of the Korean Workers’ Party
    Leonard, Grace
  • Report on the Incident Involving the Cuban Ambassador and the Delegation of Physicians from Cuba While in North Korea
    Leonard, Grace
  • Memorandum about the Initial Visit with Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pak Sŏng-Ch’ŏl, on September 16, 1964
  • Memorandum Concerning a Conversation with Comrade Moszkowski at the Soviet Embassy on January 5, 1965
  • Memorandum Concerning the Contents of the Meetings between the Representatives of the Communist and Workers’ Parties, Who Came Together for an Exchange of Opinions on the Occasion of the Third Party Congress of the Rumanian Workers’ Party in Bucharest
  • Minutes of the Executive Meeting from 1/8/1964
  • Minutes of the Executive Meeting from 9/13/1963
  • Minutes of the Members’ Assembly of the Party Organization from June 14, 1963
  • The Watershed That Wasn’t: Re-Evaluating Kim Il Sung’s ‘Juche Speech’ of 1955
    Myers, Brian
  • Hyŏngmyŏng ŭi chuch’ejŏk yoin kwa kukchejŏk yoin
    No, Sŏnggwŏn
  • Note on the Dinner with the Ambassador of the PR of Bulgaria on 12/15/1961
  • Plenary Sessions of the Drafting Committee in Preparation for the November-Conference of Communist and Workers’ Parties
  • Report about the Stay of a State Delegation of the GDR in the DPRK at the Celebrations of the 20th Anniversary of the DPRK’s Founding
  • Resolution of the Election Report Assembly of the SED Party Organization at the Embassy in Pyongyang
  • Statements from the Election Report Assembly of the SED Ground Organization at the GDR Embassy in the DPRK
  • Stenographic Record of the Third Party Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, July 20–24, 1950
  • To the Chairman of the Ideological Committee of the SED County Leadership in Hainichen
  • The Workers’ Party of Korea’s Assessment of the 22nd Congress of the CPSU
  • Hangil mujang t’ujaeng sigi e parhwidoen charyŏk kaengsaeng ŭi hyŏngmyŏng chŏngsin
    Yi, Sanghun
  • Tang chŏngch’aek ŭn simohi yŏn’gu haja
    Yun, Yŏnggi