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Feeling MeterKinesthetic Knowledge and the Case of Recent Progressive Metal

Feeling MeterKinesthetic Knowledge and the Case of Recent Progressive Metal This article explores the nature of metrical knowledge underlying Justin London's many-meters hypothesis. It argues that meter is a form of culturally situated kinesthetic knowledge, or a knowledge of what it feels like to move to music in a particular way. This reframing of meter focuses on its technical and bodily dimensions, which links the analysis of meter with issues of social inclusion and exclusion, of learning and unlearning, and of habit and novelty. The article illustrates the implications of this approach with examples from recent progressive metal, where musicians manipulate the backbeat to present listeners with affordances for the enactment of different forms of time. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Journal of Music Theory Duke University Press

Feeling MeterKinesthetic Knowledge and the Case of Recent Progressive Metal

Kozak, Mariusz
Journal of Music Theory , Volume 65 (2) – Oct 1, 2021
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53 pages

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Copyright
Copyright © 2021 by Yale University
ISSN
0022-2909
eISSN
1941-7497
DOI
10.1215/00222909-9143190
Publisher site
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Abstract

This article explores the nature of metrical knowledge underlying Justin London's many-meters hypothesis. It argues that meter is a form of culturally situated kinesthetic knowledge, or a knowledge of what it feels like to move to music in a particular way. This reframing of meter focuses on its technical and bodily dimensions, which links the analysis of meter with issues of social inclusion and exclusion, of learning and unlearning, and of habit and novelty. The article illustrates the implications of this approach with examples from recent progressive metal, where musicians manipulate the backbeat to present listeners with affordances for the enactment of different forms of time.

Journal

Journal of Music Theory – Duke University Press

Published: Oct 1, 2021

References

  • The Brain Dance
  • Fall into the Light
  • Carousel
  • Born in Dissonance
  • Scum
  • Marigold
  • Picayune
  • Someone to Save
  • Beneath My Skin/Mirror Image
  • Members Only
  • Outsider
  • Structural Analysis or Cultural Analysis? Competing Perspectives on the ‘Standard Pattern’ of West African Rhythm
    Agawu, Kofi
  • Listening to North Indian Classical Music: How Embodied Ways of Listening Perform Imagined Histories of Social Class
    Alaghband-Zadeh, Chloë
  • Meter and Motion in Pop/Rock Backbeats
    Attas, Robin
  • Metric and Rhythmic Articulation in Music
    Berry, Wallace
  • Formal Functions of Metric Dissonance in Rock Music
    Biamonte, Nicole
  • Memory and the Perception of Rhythm
    Brower, Candace
  • Female-Fronted Extreme Metal: Jinjer, Gender, and Genre Norms in Sound and Image
    Burns, Lori
  • The Power of Anacrusis: Engendered Feeling in Groove-Based Musics
    Butterfield, Matthew
  • Meyer's Anvil: Revisiting the Schema Concept
    Byros, Vasili
  • Action Observation and Acquired Motor Skills: An fMRI Study with Expert Dancers
    Calvo-Merino, Beatriz Glaser, Daniel E. Grèzes, Julie Passingham, Richard E. Haggard, Patrick
  • Rhythmic Deviance in the Music of Meshuggah
    Capuzzo, Guy
  • ‘Dance to the Dissonant Sway’: Groove, Headbanging, and Entrainment in Extreme Metal
    Capuzzo, Guy
  • The Extended Mind
    Clark, Andy Chalmers, David
  • Levels of Structure in the Organization of Musical Time
    Clarke, Eric
  • Theory and Practice of Long-Form Non-isochronous Meters: The Case of the North Indian Rūpak Tāl
    Clayton, Martin
  • Complex Hemiolas, Ski-Hill Graphs, and Metric Spaces
    Cohn, Richard
  • Is Music the Most Important Thing We Ever Did? Music, Development, and Evolution
    Cross, Ian Yi, Suk Won
  • Here, There, and Everywhere: Three Accounts of Pulse in D'Angelo's ‘Left and Right.’
    Danielsen, Anne Danielsen, Anne
  • Navigating Musical Periodicities: Modes of Perception and Types of Temporal Knowledge
    DeGraf, Galen
  • Antecedents of the Temporal Arts in the Early Mother-Infant Interaction
    Dissanayake, Ellen Lennart Wallin, Nils Merker, Björn Brown, Steven
  • Comparison of Specific Ethnic and Choreographed Folk Dances
    Eden, Ya'akov
  • The Aksak Rhythm, a Distinctive Feature of the Balkan Folklore
    Fracile, Nice
  • Dynamic Models of Body Schematic Processes
    Gallagher, Shaun De Preester, Helena Knockaert, Veroniek
  • Making Enactivism Even More Embodied
    Gallagher, Shaun Bower, Matthew
  • Breaking Down the Breakdown in Twenty-First-Century Metal
    Gamble, Steven
  • ‘Feels’ as Team Efforts: Exploring the Roles and Interactions between Instruments in Popular Music Time Feels
    Garza, Jose Manuel.
  • The Cultural Evolutionary Trade-Off of Ritualistic Synchrony
    Gelfand, Michele J. Caluori, Nava Jackson, Joshua Conrad Taylor, Morgan K.
  • The Theory of Affordances
    Gibson, James J. Shaw, Robert Bransford, John
  • Gestural Affordances of Musical Sound
    Godøy, Rolf Inge Godøy, Rolf Inge Leman, Marc
  • Meter Metrics: Characterizing Relationships among (Mixed) Metrical Structures
    Gotham, Mark
  • Enhancing Wellbeing: An Emerging Model of the Adaptive Functions of Music Listening
    Groarke, Jenny M. Hogan, Michael J.
  • Tempo, but for Whom? Rhythmic Parallax in Car Bomb's ‘Blackened Battery.’
    Hannan, Calder
  • Musical Feels
    Hanninen, Dora
  • Sensory Disturbances from Cerebral Lesions
    Head, Henry Holmes, Gordon
  • The Backbeat: A Literature Review
    Hein, Ethan
  • Heavy Metal as Controversy and Counterculture
    Hjelm, Titus Kahn-Harris, Keith LeVine, Mark
  • Bartók's ‘Change of Time’: Coming Unfixed
    Horlacher, Gretchen
  • Metric Feel and Form in ‘Superstition’: Analyzing Stevie Wonder's Beat ‘Pockets.’
    Hosken, Fred
  • Feeling Beats and Experiencing Motion: A Construction-Based Theory of Meter
    Hudson, Stephen S.
  • Bang Your Head: Construing Beat through Familiar Drum Patterns in Metal Music
    Hudson, Stephen S.
  • Backbeat Placement Affects Tempo Judgments
    Hughes, Bryn Vuvan, Dominique T.
  • Cognition, Distributed
    Hutchins, Edwin Smelser, Neil J. Baltes, Paul B.
  • ‘Extra’ Measures and Metrical Ambiguity in Beethoven
    Imbrie, Andrew Tyson, Alan
  • Microstructures of Feel, Macrostructures of Sound: Embodied Cognition in West African and African-American Musics
    Iyer, Vijay
  • Embodied Mind, Situated Cognition, and Expressive Microtiming in African-American Music
    Iyer, Vijay
  • Integer Ratio Priors on Musical Rhythm Revealed Cross-Culturally by Iterated Reproduction
    Jacoby, Nori McDermott, Josh H.
  • Time, Our Lost Dimension: Toward a New Theory of Perception, Attention, and Memory
    Jones, Mari Riess
  • Motion and Feeling through Music
    Keil, Charles
  • Affordances and the Musically Extended Mind
    Krueger, Joel
  • Categories and Timing: On the Perception of Meter
    Kvifte, Tellef
  • Humperdinck and Wagner: Metric States, Symmetries, and Systems
    Leong, Daphne
  • On Harmony and Meter in Brahms's op. 76, no. 8
    Lewin, David
  • Some Non-isomorphisms between Pitch and Time
    London, Justin
  • Rhythm Histograms and Musical Meter: A Corpus Study of Malian Percussion Music
    London, Justin Polak, Rainer Jacoby, Nori
  • ‘So Complete in Beautiful Deformity’: Unexpected Beginnings and Rotated Riffs in Meshuggah's obZen
    Lucas, Olivia
  • Pragmatist Ironist Analysis and (Re-)Embodied Interactivity: Experimental Approaches to Sensor-Based Interactive Musical Systems Inspired by Music Analysis
    Mailman, Joshua B. Reyland, Nicholas Thumpston, Rebecca
  • Tactus in Performance: Constraints and Possibilities
    Martens, Peter
  • Ways of Knowing the Body, Bodily Ways of Knowing
    Martens, Peter
  • Techniques of the Body
    Mauss, Marcel
  • The Time of Our Lives: Life Span Development of Timing and Event Tracking
    McAuley, J. Devin Jones, Mari Riess Holub, Shayla Johnston, Heather M. Miller, Nathaniel S.
  • Metal as a Gradual Process: Additive Rhythmic Structures in the Music of Dream Theater
    McCandless, Gregory R.
  • Metric Dissonance in Brahms's Piano Trio in C minor, op. 101
    McClelland, Ryan
  • On the Role and Origin of Isochrony in Human Rhythmic Entrainment
    Merker, Bjorn H. Madison, Guy Eckerdal., Patricia Overy, Katie Turner, Robert
  • The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents
    Morasso, Pietro Mohan, Vishwanathan
  • On Metre in the Rondo of Brahms's op. 25
    Murphy, Scott
  • Metric Cubes in Some Music of Brahms
    Murphy, Scott
  • The Metric Makings of a Country Hit
    Neal, Jocelyn Tichi, Cecilia
  • Analyzing Correspondence between Sound Objects and Body Motion
    Nymoen, Kristian Godøy, Rolf Inge Jensenius, Alexander Refsum Torresen, Jim
  • Attending to Free Rhythm
    Ohriner, Mitchell
  • A Sensorimotor Account of Vision and Visual Consciousness
    O'Regan, J. Kevin Noë, Alva
  • Searching for Roots of Entrainment and Joint Action in Early Musical Interactions
    Phillips-Silver, Jessica Keller, Peter E.
  • Re-casting Metal: Rhythm and Meter in the Music of Meshuggah
    Pieslak, Jonathan
  • Cognitive Isomorphisms between Pitch and Rhythm in World Musics: West Africa, the Balkans, and Western Tonality
    Pressing, Jeff
  • Time on the Crooked Road: Isochrony, Meter, and Disruption in Old-Time Country and Bluegrass Music
    Rockwell, Joti
  • Temporal Geometries of an African Music: A Preliminary Sketch
    Scherzinger, Martin
  • When the Sound Becomes the Goal: 4E Cognition and Teleomusicality in Early Infancy
    Schiavio, Andrea van der Schyff, Dylan Kruse-Weber, Silke Timmers, Renee
  • What Are We Naming?
    Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine De Preester, Helena Knockaert, Veroniek
  • Kinesthesia: An Extended Critical Overview and a Beginning Phenomenology of Learning
    Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine
  • Theorizing Fundamental Music/Dance Interactions in Salsa
    Simpson-Litke, Rebecca Stover, Chris
  • Heavy Metal, Identity, and the Social Negotiation of a Community of Practice
    Snell, Dave Hodgetts, Darrin
  • . . . How Time Passes . . .
    Stockhausen, Karlheinz Cardew, Cornelius
  • Ruth Crawford's Precompositional Strategies
    Straus, Joseph N. Allen, Ray Hisama, Ellie M.
  • Meter and Grouping in African Music: A View from Music Theory
    Temperley, David
  • Introduction: Somewhere between the Signifying and the Sublime
    Thompson, Marie Biddle, Ian Thompson, Marie Biddle, Ian
  • Embodied Meter: Hierarchical Eigenmodes in Music-Induced Movement
    Toiviainen, Petri Luck, Geoff Thompson, Marc R.
  • Rhythm and Interpersonal Synchrony in Early Social Development
    Trainor, Laurel Cirelli, Laura
  • Nonverbal Synchrony and Affect in Dyadic Interactions
    Tschacher, Wolfgang Rees, Georg M. Ramseyer, Fabian
  • Metrical Displacement and Metrically Dissonant Hemiolas
    Willner, Channan
  • Foreword to Wagner
    Wilson, Steven
  • Synchrony and Cooperation
    Wiltermuth, Scott Heath, Chip
  • Music and Affordances
    Windsor, W. Luke Bézenac, Christophe de
  • Filling In: Syncopation, Pleasure, and Distributed Embodiment in Groove
    Witek, Maria A. G.
  • Modeling the Groove: Conceptual Structure and Popular Music
    Zbikowski, Lawrence
  • The Brain Dance
  • Fall into the Light
  • Carousel
  • Born in Dissonance
  • Scum
  • Marigold
  • Picayune
  • Someone to Save
  • Beneath My Skin/Mirror Image
  • Members Only
  • Outsider
  • Structural Analysis or Cultural Analysis? Competing Perspectives on the ‘Standard Pattern’ of West African Rhythm
    Agawu, Kofi
  • Listening to North Indian Classical Music: How Embodied Ways of Listening Perform Imagined Histories of Social Class
    Alaghband-Zadeh, Chloë
  • Meter and Motion in Pop/Rock Backbeats
    Attas, Robin
  • Metric and Rhythmic Articulation in Music
    Berry, Wallace
  • Formal Functions of Metric Dissonance in Rock Music
    Biamonte, Nicole
  • Memory and the Perception of Rhythm
    Brower, Candace
  • Female-Fronted Extreme Metal: Jinjer, Gender, and Genre Norms in Sound and Image
    Burns, Lori
  • The Power of Anacrusis: Engendered Feeling in Groove-Based Musics
    Butterfield, Matthew
  • Meyer's Anvil: Revisiting the Schema Concept
    Byros, Vasili
  • Action Observation and Acquired Motor Skills: An fMRI Study with Expert Dancers
    Calvo-Merino, Beatriz Glaser, Daniel E. Grèzes, Julie Passingham, Richard E. Haggard, Patrick
  • Rhythmic Deviance in the Music of Meshuggah
    Capuzzo, Guy
  • ‘Dance to the Dissonant Sway’: Groove, Headbanging, and Entrainment in Extreme Metal
    Capuzzo, Guy
  • The Extended Mind
    Clark, Andy Chalmers, David
  • Levels of Structure in the Organization of Musical Time
    Clarke, Eric
  • Theory and Practice of Long-Form Non-isochronous Meters: The Case of the North Indian Rūpak Tāl
    Clayton, Martin
  • Complex Hemiolas, Ski-Hill Graphs, and Metric Spaces
    Cohn, Richard
  • Is Music the Most Important Thing We Ever Did? Music, Development, and Evolution
    Cross, Ian Yi, Suk Won
  • Here, There, and Everywhere: Three Accounts of Pulse in D'Angelo's ‘Left and Right.’
    Danielsen, Anne Danielsen, Anne
  • Navigating Musical Periodicities: Modes of Perception and Types of Temporal Knowledge
    DeGraf, Galen
  • Antecedents of the Temporal Arts in the Early Mother-Infant Interaction
    Dissanayake, Ellen Lennart Wallin, Nils Merker, Björn Brown, Steven
  • Comparison of Specific Ethnic and Choreographed Folk Dances
    Eden, Ya'akov
  • The Aksak Rhythm, a Distinctive Feature of the Balkan Folklore
    Fracile, Nice
  • Dynamic Models of Body Schematic Processes
    Gallagher, Shaun De Preester, Helena Knockaert, Veroniek
  • Making Enactivism Even More Embodied
    Gallagher, Shaun Bower, Matthew
  • Breaking Down the Breakdown in Twenty-First-Century Metal
    Gamble, Steven
  • ‘Feels’ as Team Efforts: Exploring the Roles and Interactions between Instruments in Popular Music Time Feels
    Garza, Jose Manuel.
  • The Cultural Evolutionary Trade-Off of Ritualistic Synchrony
    Gelfand, Michele J. Caluori, Nava Jackson, Joshua Conrad Taylor, Morgan K.
  • The Theory of Affordances
    Gibson, James J. Shaw, Robert Bransford, John
  • Gestural Affordances of Musical Sound
    Godøy, Rolf Inge Godøy, Rolf Inge Leman, Marc
  • Meter Metrics: Characterizing Relationships among (Mixed) Metrical Structures
    Gotham, Mark
  • Enhancing Wellbeing: An Emerging Model of the Adaptive Functions of Music Listening
    Groarke, Jenny M. Hogan, Michael J.
  • Tempo, but for Whom? Rhythmic Parallax in Car Bomb's ‘Blackened Battery.’
    Hannan, Calder
  • Musical Feels
    Hanninen, Dora
  • Sensory Disturbances from Cerebral Lesions
    Head, Henry Holmes, Gordon
  • The Backbeat: A Literature Review
    Hein, Ethan
  • Heavy Metal as Controversy and Counterculture
    Hjelm, Titus Kahn-Harris, Keith LeVine, Mark
  • Bartók's ‘Change of Time’: Coming Unfixed
    Horlacher, Gretchen
  • Metric Feel and Form in ‘Superstition’: Analyzing Stevie Wonder's Beat ‘Pockets.’
    Hosken, Fred
  • Feeling Beats and Experiencing Motion: A Construction-Based Theory of Meter
    Hudson, Stephen S.
  • Bang Your Head: Construing Beat through Familiar Drum Patterns in Metal Music
    Hudson, Stephen S.
  • Backbeat Placement Affects Tempo Judgments
    Hughes, Bryn Vuvan, Dominique T.
  • Cognition, Distributed
    Hutchins, Edwin Smelser, Neil J. Baltes, Paul B.
  • ‘Extra’ Measures and Metrical Ambiguity in Beethoven
    Imbrie, Andrew Tyson, Alan
  • Microstructures of Feel, Macrostructures of Sound: Embodied Cognition in West African and African-American Musics
    Iyer, Vijay
  • Embodied Mind, Situated Cognition, and Expressive Microtiming in African-American Music
    Iyer, Vijay
  • Integer Ratio Priors on Musical Rhythm Revealed Cross-Culturally by Iterated Reproduction
    Jacoby, Nori McDermott, Josh H.
  • Time, Our Lost Dimension: Toward a New Theory of Perception, Attention, and Memory
    Jones, Mari Riess
  • Motion and Feeling through Music
    Keil, Charles
  • Affordances and the Musically Extended Mind
    Krueger, Joel
  • Categories and Timing: On the Perception of Meter
    Kvifte, Tellef
  • Humperdinck and Wagner: Metric States, Symmetries, and Systems
    Leong, Daphne
  • On Harmony and Meter in Brahms's op. 76, no. 8
    Lewin, David
  • Some Non-isomorphisms between Pitch and Time
    London, Justin
  • Rhythm Histograms and Musical Meter: A Corpus Study of Malian Percussion Music
    London, Justin Polak, Rainer Jacoby, Nori
  • ‘So Complete in Beautiful Deformity’: Unexpected Beginnings and Rotated Riffs in Meshuggah's obZen
    Lucas, Olivia
  • Pragmatist Ironist Analysis and (Re-)Embodied Interactivity: Experimental Approaches to Sensor-Based Interactive Musical Systems Inspired by Music Analysis
    Mailman, Joshua B. Reyland, Nicholas Thumpston, Rebecca
  • Tactus in Performance: Constraints and Possibilities
    Martens, Peter
  • Ways of Knowing the Body, Bodily Ways of Knowing
    Martens, Peter
  • Techniques of the Body
    Mauss, Marcel
  • The Time of Our Lives: Life Span Development of Timing and Event Tracking
    McAuley, J. Devin Jones, Mari Riess Holub, Shayla Johnston, Heather M. Miller, Nathaniel S.
  • Metal as a Gradual Process: Additive Rhythmic Structures in the Music of Dream Theater
    McCandless, Gregory R.
  • Metric Dissonance in Brahms's Piano Trio in C minor, op. 101
    McClelland, Ryan
  • On the Role and Origin of Isochrony in Human Rhythmic Entrainment
    Merker, Bjorn H. Madison, Guy Eckerdal., Patricia Overy, Katie Turner, Robert
  • The Body Schema: Neural Simulation for Covert and Overt Actions of Embodied Cognitive Agents
    Morasso, Pietro Mohan, Vishwanathan
  • On Metre in the Rondo of Brahms's op. 25
    Murphy, Scott
  • Metric Cubes in Some Music of Brahms
    Murphy, Scott
  • The Metric Makings of a Country Hit
    Neal, Jocelyn Tichi, Cecilia
  • Analyzing Correspondence between Sound Objects and Body Motion
    Nymoen, Kristian Godøy, Rolf Inge Jensenius, Alexander Refsum Torresen, Jim
  • Attending to Free Rhythm
    Ohriner, Mitchell
  • A Sensorimotor Account of Vision and Visual Consciousness
    O'Regan, J. Kevin Noë, Alva
  • Searching for Roots of Entrainment and Joint Action in Early Musical Interactions
    Phillips-Silver, Jessica Keller, Peter E.
  • Re-casting Metal: Rhythm and Meter in the Music of Meshuggah
    Pieslak, Jonathan
  • Cognitive Isomorphisms between Pitch and Rhythm in World Musics: West Africa, the Balkans, and Western Tonality
    Pressing, Jeff
  • Time on the Crooked Road: Isochrony, Meter, and Disruption in Old-Time Country and Bluegrass Music
    Rockwell, Joti
  • Temporal Geometries of an African Music: A Preliminary Sketch
    Scherzinger, Martin
  • When the Sound Becomes the Goal: 4E Cognition and Teleomusicality in Early Infancy
    Schiavio, Andrea van der Schyff, Dylan Kruse-Weber, Silke Timmers, Renee
  • What Are We Naming?
    Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine De Preester, Helena Knockaert, Veroniek
  • Kinesthesia: An Extended Critical Overview and a Beginning Phenomenology of Learning
    Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine
  • Theorizing Fundamental Music/Dance Interactions in Salsa
    Simpson-Litke, Rebecca Stover, Chris
  • Heavy Metal, Identity, and the Social Negotiation of a Community of Practice
    Snell, Dave Hodgetts, Darrin
  • . . . How Time Passes . . .
    Stockhausen, Karlheinz Cardew, Cornelius
  • Ruth Crawford's Precompositional Strategies
    Straus, Joseph N. Allen, Ray Hisama, Ellie M.
  • Meter and Grouping in African Music: A View from Music Theory
    Temperley, David
  • Introduction: Somewhere between the Signifying and the Sublime
    Thompson, Marie Biddle, Ian Thompson, Marie Biddle, Ian
  • Embodied Meter: Hierarchical Eigenmodes in Music-Induced Movement
    Toiviainen, Petri Luck, Geoff Thompson, Marc R.
  • Rhythm and Interpersonal Synchrony in Early Social Development
    Trainor, Laurel Cirelli, Laura
  • Nonverbal Synchrony and Affect in Dyadic Interactions
    Tschacher, Wolfgang Rees, Georg M. Ramseyer, Fabian
  • Metrical Displacement and Metrically Dissonant Hemiolas
    Willner, Channan
  • Foreword to Wagner
    Wilson, Steven
  • Synchrony and Cooperation
    Wiltermuth, Scott Heath, Chip
  • Music and Affordances
    Windsor, W. Luke Bézenac, Christophe de
  • Filling In: Syncopation, Pleasure, and Distributed Embodiment in Groove
    Witek, Maria A. G.
  • Modeling the Groove: Conceptual Structure and Popular Music
    Zbikowski, Lawrence