Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Occurrence of Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Poland

Occurrence of Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Poland The paper presents data on the . The long-lasting confusion in Polish and European literature about the existence of 2 similar species T. atratus / T. vulgaris in Poland is clarified. Diagnostic images of T. atratus reproductive organs of both sexes are presented. Keywords: Thanatus atratus, araneae, Poland, misidentification intRoDuction Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 is a rare eastern Palearctic species, which due to the great morphological similarity for a long time was considered as a synonym of T. vulgaris Simon, 1870 (World Spider Catalog 2016) or as its subspecies (KulczysKi 1903; simon 1932; Tullgren 1942, 1944; levy 1977; Hansen 1995). Although KroneStedt (1983) suggested that T. atratus and T. vulgaris are separate species, in a key to the spiders of Central Europe (Heimer & nentWig 1991: p. 466, Fig. 1229: , ) the figure of T. vulgaris refers in fact to T. atratus. Also the descriptions of T. vulgaris in cHyzer & KulczysKi (1891: p. 114, Pl. 4, Fig. 26: ,) and miller (1971: p. 30, Pl. XVii, Figs. 18-19: , ) refer to T. atratus. Works of logunov (1996), Szita & Samu (2002), muSter & THaler (2003), and a recent paper of KaStrygina & KovblyuK (2013), precisely illustrate various diagnostic characters of both species. There is a lot of confusion around the . the first record was published in PrószysKi & sTarga (1997), where W. sTarga listed this species on the basis of unpublished data. The species was also recorded by sTarga et al. (2002). blicK et al. (2004) listed T. atratus, KupryjanoWiCz (2008) reported on T. vulgaris, while van Helsdingen (2013) and nentWig et al. (2016) listed both species from Poland. in some papers there is no evidence on where and when T. atratus or T. vulgaris was recorded in Poland (KupryjanoWiCz 2008, nentWig et al. 2016). the situation of both species in the czech Republic and in slovakia is similar. Although bucHar & ruzicKa (2002) clarify that all the czech records of T. vulgaris belong to T. atratus, both species are reported from the czech Republic in european literature (nentWig et al. 2016). in slovakia, the occurrence of T. atratus was published by Kalivodová et al. (2008) and gajdos & majzlan (2010), but in older papers only T. vulgaris is mentioned, and only T. vulgaris is listed from Slovakia by nentWig et al. (2016). mateRiaL eXamineD bydgoszcz-Fordon [utm ­ cD 09: 53°8'13''n; 18°7'23''e], surroundings of traktorzystów str., sandy grassland, pitfall traps, leg. et det. t. Rutkowski: 20.0702.08.2014 ­ 1; gozdowice near gryfino [utm ­ Vu 54: 52°45'47''n; 14°20'10''e], xerothermic grassland with Stipa sp., pitfall traps, leg. P. sienkiewicz; det. R. Rozwalka: 15.05-4.06.2009 ­ 1; 29.04-28.05.2010 ­ 1 juv.; 29.07-30.08.2010 ­ 1. toru-glinki [utm ­ cD 37: 51°58'24''n; 18°33'28''e], sandy grassland, leg. b. lcka, det. w. starga: 18.07.1977 ­ 1 [stored in senckenberg museum, Frankfurt am main]. "ujcie warty" national Park, "czarnowska górka" [utm ­ Vu 82: 52°32'36"n; 14°45'39"e], sandy grassland with Corynephorus canescens, sweep net, leg. et det. t. Rutkowski: 17.06.2012 ­ 1. "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve near cedynia [utm ­ Vu 45: 52°51'20''n; 14°10'20''e], xerothermic sandy grassland with Stipa sp., pitfall traps, leg. P. sienkiewicz, det. R. Rozwalka: 1.08-1.09.2009 ­ 1; 28.05-28.06.2010 ­ 1; 28.06-29.07.2010 ­ 4. total: 6; 5; 1 juv. All measurements of morphological structures given in mm. DescRiPtion total length: 4.5-4.7; (6.1); carapace length: 2.10 (2.36); carapace width: 2.00 (2.1); abdomen length: 2.6, (3.8); abdomen width: 1.5 (2.0). Length of leg segments in tables 1 and 2, cymbium illustrated in Fig. 1b-1d, vulva in Fig. 1e. Body shape and coloration are similar to those of other species of the genus Thanatus C.L. KocH, 1837. Cephalothorax yellowish, with a distinct central stripe and 2 greyish lateral stripes (Fig. 1a). clypeus with some long bristling hairs. abdomen yellow-amber, with a dark lanceolate mark in its posterior part and a triangular or V-shaped pattern in its anterior part (Fig. 1a). Femora (and often patellae) greyishbrown in males or grey in females. Other segments orange-yellow to yellowish (pale yellow in females). the leg hairs vary from clear and fine to much thicker and darker, sometimes so thick that they can be treated as finer bristles. all tarsi and metatarsi of both male and female individuals with dense hairbrushes of scopula positioned ventrally. in anterior parts of mtiii and MtiV, hairbrush decaying. Leg hairs numerous, varied, including clear and fine hairs, and much thicker and darker ones. mti and Mtii with 2 pairs of ventral spines, Mtiii and MtiV with 4-6 (7) ventral or ventrolateral spines; Tii and Tiii with 2 pairs of ventral spines. Other segments of legs with variable numbers of spines. Table 1. Length of leg segments of male Thanatus atratus (mean for n = 3 from "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve) Femur Leg i Leg ii Leg iii Leg iV 2.10 2.20 1.80 2.20 Patella 0.88 0.92 0.72 0.80 Tibia 1.74 1.90 1.76 2.00 Metatarsus 1.26 1.50 1.30 1.70 Tarsus 0.90 0.88 1.00 1.06 Total 6.9 7.4 6.6 7.8 Table 2. Length of leg segments of female Thanatus atratus (n = 1 from gozdowice) Femur Leg i Leg ii Leg iii Leg iV 1.80 2.10 1.90 2.20 Patella 0.86 0.84 0.70 0.84 Tibia 1.60 1.80 1.50 1.84 Metatarsus 1.20 1.40 1.32 1.68 Tarsus 1.00 0.96 0.86 0.96 Total 6.5 7.1 6.3 7.5 Discussion the verified new records presented here clearly confirm the . This is a rare spider species, probably occurring only locally, in a few isolated localities. we investigated several dozen various xerothermic sites in Fig. 1. Thanatus atratus: 1a ­ male habitus; 1b ­ male palp, frontal view; 1c ­ male palp, retrolateral view; 1d ­ male palp prolateral view; 1e ­ vulva. specimens from gozdowice. scale bars: 1a ­ 0.5 mm; 1b-e ­ 0.25 mm. 10 Fig. 2. habitat of Thanatus atratus in "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve (Photo: P. sienkiewicz) 2009­2014 (unpubl. data) and recorded T. atratus only in 4 of them. During the same period and in the same localities, we recorded a lot of individuals of T. arenarius, T. formicinus and T. sabulosus. The distribution of T. atratus in Poland suggests that this species is found mainly within the thorn-eberswalde Proglacial Valley (Fig. 3). it prefers warm, open habitats with a sandy substrate (brandT 2005; almquisT 2006; brandT 2010; nenTwig et al. 2016) (Fig. 2). several localities of this species were found west of the oder and the Lusatian neisse (Staudt 2016), so it seems possible to record T. atratus in southwestern Poland in the future (Fig. 3). The chronology of records of T. atratus in germany, the czech Republic, and Slovakia suggests that this species extends its range of distribution to the north and east, and most of its localities were reported during the last 25 years (gajdos et al. 1999; bucHar & rzicKa 2002; Staudt 2016). however, this hypothesis is not necessarily correct. The increase in the number of localities of T. atratus in recent years may also be a result of more research in xerothermic grasslands ­ the habitats in which this rare species occurs. in Poland it is known since the 1970s, and new information complements the data on its distribution. On the basis of the analysis of the used synonyms, we conclude that all the published records of Thanatus vulgaris in Poland (KupryjanoWiCz 2008; rozwalKa & sTasKa 2008; van Helsdingen 2013; nentWig et al. 2016) are mistakes. Fig. 3. Distribution of Thanatus atratus in Poland and neighboring countries: red triangles = localities in Poland; green squares = localities in germany, czech Republic and slovakia; grey squares with "?" = alleged localities of T. vulgaris, probably related to misidentified T. atratus; ? = presumable occurrence. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Biological Letters de Gruyter

Occurrence of Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Poland

Download PDF
7 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/de-gruyter/occurrence-of-thanatus-atratus-simon-1875-araneae-philodromidae-in-UkNatisSD5

References (26)

Publisher
de Gruyter
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the
ISSN
1734-7467
eISSN
1734-7467
DOI
10.1515/biolet-2015-0011
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The paper presents data on the . The long-lasting confusion in Polish and European literature about the existence of 2 similar species T. atratus / T. vulgaris in Poland is clarified. Diagnostic images of T. atratus reproductive organs of both sexes are presented. Keywords: Thanatus atratus, araneae, Poland, misidentification intRoDuction Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875 is a rare eastern Palearctic species, which due to the great morphological similarity for a long time was considered as a synonym of T. vulgaris Simon, 1870 (World Spider Catalog 2016) or as its subspecies (KulczysKi 1903; simon 1932; Tullgren 1942, 1944; levy 1977; Hansen 1995). Although KroneStedt (1983) suggested that T. atratus and T. vulgaris are separate species, in a key to the spiders of Central Europe (Heimer & nentWig 1991: p. 466, Fig. 1229: , ) the figure of T. vulgaris refers in fact to T. atratus. Also the descriptions of T. vulgaris in cHyzer & KulczysKi (1891: p. 114, Pl. 4, Fig. 26: ,) and miller (1971: p. 30, Pl. XVii, Figs. 18-19: , ) refer to T. atratus. Works of logunov (1996), Szita & Samu (2002), muSter & THaler (2003), and a recent paper of KaStrygina & KovblyuK (2013), precisely illustrate various diagnostic characters of both species. There is a lot of confusion around the . the first record was published in PrószysKi & sTarga (1997), where W. sTarga listed this species on the basis of unpublished data. The species was also recorded by sTarga et al. (2002). blicK et al. (2004) listed T. atratus, KupryjanoWiCz (2008) reported on T. vulgaris, while van Helsdingen (2013) and nentWig et al. (2016) listed both species from Poland. in some papers there is no evidence on where and when T. atratus or T. vulgaris was recorded in Poland (KupryjanoWiCz 2008, nentWig et al. 2016). the situation of both species in the czech Republic and in slovakia is similar. Although bucHar & ruzicKa (2002) clarify that all the czech records of T. vulgaris belong to T. atratus, both species are reported from the czech Republic in european literature (nentWig et al. 2016). in slovakia, the occurrence of T. atratus was published by Kalivodová et al. (2008) and gajdos & majzlan (2010), but in older papers only T. vulgaris is mentioned, and only T. vulgaris is listed from Slovakia by nentWig et al. (2016). mateRiaL eXamineD bydgoszcz-Fordon [utm ­ cD 09: 53°8'13''n; 18°7'23''e], surroundings of traktorzystów str., sandy grassland, pitfall traps, leg. et det. t. Rutkowski: 20.0702.08.2014 ­ 1; gozdowice near gryfino [utm ­ Vu 54: 52°45'47''n; 14°20'10''e], xerothermic grassland with Stipa sp., pitfall traps, leg. P. sienkiewicz; det. R. Rozwalka: 15.05-4.06.2009 ­ 1; 29.04-28.05.2010 ­ 1 juv.; 29.07-30.08.2010 ­ 1. toru-glinki [utm ­ cD 37: 51°58'24''n; 18°33'28''e], sandy grassland, leg. b. lcka, det. w. starga: 18.07.1977 ­ 1 [stored in senckenberg museum, Frankfurt am main]. "ujcie warty" national Park, "czarnowska górka" [utm ­ Vu 82: 52°32'36"n; 14°45'39"e], sandy grassland with Corynephorus canescens, sweep net, leg. et det. t. Rutkowski: 17.06.2012 ­ 1. "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve near cedynia [utm ­ Vu 45: 52°51'20''n; 14°10'20''e], xerothermic sandy grassland with Stipa sp., pitfall traps, leg. P. sienkiewicz, det. R. Rozwalka: 1.08-1.09.2009 ­ 1; 28.05-28.06.2010 ­ 1; 28.06-29.07.2010 ­ 4. total: 6; 5; 1 juv. All measurements of morphological structures given in mm. DescRiPtion total length: 4.5-4.7; (6.1); carapace length: 2.10 (2.36); carapace width: 2.00 (2.1); abdomen length: 2.6, (3.8); abdomen width: 1.5 (2.0). Length of leg segments in tables 1 and 2, cymbium illustrated in Fig. 1b-1d, vulva in Fig. 1e. Body shape and coloration are similar to those of other species of the genus Thanatus C.L. KocH, 1837. Cephalothorax yellowish, with a distinct central stripe and 2 greyish lateral stripes (Fig. 1a). clypeus with some long bristling hairs. abdomen yellow-amber, with a dark lanceolate mark in its posterior part and a triangular or V-shaped pattern in its anterior part (Fig. 1a). Femora (and often patellae) greyishbrown in males or grey in females. Other segments orange-yellow to yellowish (pale yellow in females). the leg hairs vary from clear and fine to much thicker and darker, sometimes so thick that they can be treated as finer bristles. all tarsi and metatarsi of both male and female individuals with dense hairbrushes of scopula positioned ventrally. in anterior parts of mtiii and MtiV, hairbrush decaying. Leg hairs numerous, varied, including clear and fine hairs, and much thicker and darker ones. mti and Mtii with 2 pairs of ventral spines, Mtiii and MtiV with 4-6 (7) ventral or ventrolateral spines; Tii and Tiii with 2 pairs of ventral spines. Other segments of legs with variable numbers of spines. Table 1. Length of leg segments of male Thanatus atratus (mean for n = 3 from "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve) Femur Leg i Leg ii Leg iii Leg iV 2.10 2.20 1.80 2.20 Patella 0.88 0.92 0.72 0.80 Tibia 1.74 1.90 1.76 2.00 Metatarsus 1.26 1.50 1.30 1.70 Tarsus 0.90 0.88 1.00 1.06 Total 6.9 7.4 6.6 7.8 Table 2. Length of leg segments of female Thanatus atratus (n = 1 from gozdowice) Femur Leg i Leg ii Leg iii Leg iV 1.80 2.10 1.90 2.20 Patella 0.86 0.84 0.70 0.84 Tibia 1.60 1.80 1.50 1.84 Metatarsus 1.20 1.40 1.32 1.68 Tarsus 1.00 0.96 0.86 0.96 Total 6.5 7.1 6.3 7.5 Discussion the verified new records presented here clearly confirm the . This is a rare spider species, probably occurring only locally, in a few isolated localities. we investigated several dozen various xerothermic sites in Fig. 1. Thanatus atratus: 1a ­ male habitus; 1b ­ male palp, frontal view; 1c ­ male palp, retrolateral view; 1d ­ male palp prolateral view; 1e ­ vulva. specimens from gozdowice. scale bars: 1a ­ 0.5 mm; 1b-e ­ 0.25 mm. 10 Fig. 2. habitat of Thanatus atratus in "wrzosowiska cedyskie" nature Reserve (Photo: P. sienkiewicz) 2009­2014 (unpubl. data) and recorded T. atratus only in 4 of them. During the same period and in the same localities, we recorded a lot of individuals of T. arenarius, T. formicinus and T. sabulosus. The distribution of T. atratus in Poland suggests that this species is found mainly within the thorn-eberswalde Proglacial Valley (Fig. 3). it prefers warm, open habitats with a sandy substrate (brandT 2005; almquisT 2006; brandT 2010; nenTwig et al. 2016) (Fig. 2). several localities of this species were found west of the oder and the Lusatian neisse (Staudt 2016), so it seems possible to record T. atratus in southwestern Poland in the future (Fig. 3). The chronology of records of T. atratus in germany, the czech Republic, and Slovakia suggests that this species extends its range of distribution to the north and east, and most of its localities were reported during the last 25 years (gajdos et al. 1999; bucHar & rzicKa 2002; Staudt 2016). however, this hypothesis is not necessarily correct. The increase in the number of localities of T. atratus in recent years may also be a result of more research in xerothermic grasslands ­ the habitats in which this rare species occurs. in Poland it is known since the 1970s, and new information complements the data on its distribution. On the basis of the analysis of the used synonyms, we conclude that all the published records of Thanatus vulgaris in Poland (KupryjanoWiCz 2008; rozwalKa & sTasKa 2008; van Helsdingen 2013; nentWig et al. 2016) are mistakes. Fig. 3. Distribution of Thanatus atratus in Poland and neighboring countries: red triangles = localities in Poland; green squares = localities in germany, czech Republic and slovakia; grey squares with "?" = alleged localities of T. vulgaris, probably related to misidentified T. atratus; ? = presumable occurrence.

Journal

Biological Letters – de Gruyter

Published: Dec 1, 2015

There are no references for this article.