Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Inclusive Multilingualism: Concept, Modes and Implications

Inclusive Multilingualism: Concept, Modes and Implications Abstract Departing from a critical discussion of the mothertongue plus two language policy of the EU, which because of its focus on learning standard languages is shown to fail the intended goals, this paper rejects an “English only” approach as a possible solution for the problems of European multilingualism and develops the concept of “Inclusive Multilingualism” as a more viable and realistic policy alternative. Therefore, firstly, this concept is defined as including interactive strategies or communicative modes to overcome the limitations of foreign language competence, justified theoretically and related to similar concepts like plurilingualism . Five modes (the use of English as a lingua franca, regional linguae francae, lingua receptiva, codeswitching and translation and interpretation) are then described as well-researched constituents of Inclusive Multilingualism. Finally, implications for a wider concept of communicative competence and language teaching are outlined as well as perspectives for future research. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png European Journal of Applied Linguistics de Gruyter

Inclusive Multilingualism: Concept, Modes and Implications

Download PDF
37 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/de-gruyter/inclusive-multilingualism-concept-modes-and-implications-iCfdPWDmmo

References

References for this paper are not available at this time. We will be adding them shortly, thank you for your patience.

Publisher
de Gruyter
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 by the
ISSN
2192-9521
eISSN
2192-953X
DOI
10.1515/eujal-2013-0010
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Departing from a critical discussion of the mothertongue plus two language policy of the EU, which because of its focus on learning standard languages is shown to fail the intended goals, this paper rejects an “English only” approach as a possible solution for the problems of European multilingualism and develops the concept of “Inclusive Multilingualism” as a more viable and realistic policy alternative. Therefore, firstly, this concept is defined as including interactive strategies or communicative modes to overcome the limitations of foreign language competence, justified theoretically and related to similar concepts like plurilingualism . Five modes (the use of English as a lingua franca, regional linguae francae, lingua receptiva, codeswitching and translation and interpretation) are then described as well-researched constituents of Inclusive Multilingualism. Finally, implications for a wider concept of communicative competence and language teaching are outlined as well as perspectives for future research.

Journal

European Journal of Applied Linguistics – de Gruyter

Published: Nov 1, 2013

References

  • Martha Polylanguaging in superdiversity diversities An online journal published by UNESCO http unesdoc unesco org images pdf accessed august
    Jørgensen
  • Resolution of the Council and of the Ministers of meeting within the of
    Council
  • Anna - Lena eds Professionalisation of interpreting in the community The Critical Amsterdam Benjamins
    Wadensjö
  • Juliane ed The of as a Special issue of
    House
  • Ulrike eds Standard Languages in Amsterdam Benjamins
    Hüning
  • Ehrenreich Susanne as a business lingua franca in a German multinational corporation of
  • Introducing social approach
    Weber
  • als in Europa Sociolinguistica
    Ammon
  • Ulrike eds Standard Languages in Amsterdam Benjamins
    Hüning
  • anglais lingua franca de l Union européenne : impératif de solidarité source d injustice facteur de décline publique
    van Parijs
  • as a lingua franca in Europe variety vareties or different types of use ? In Michaela Albl - Sabine eds Dimensionen Zweitsprachenforschung Dimensions of second language research Festschrift für Kurt Tübingen Narr
    Knapp
  • Receptive multilingualism in the Swiss Army of Special issue Receptive
    Berthele
  • Anne eds Crossing borders in community interpreting Amsterdam Benjamins
    Valero
  • European Commission High Level Group on Final report http ec europa eu education policies lang doc multireport en pdf accessed
    Multilingualism
  • Penelope Contact and Code switching In ed The Handbook of Contact
    Gardner
  • Network Key data on teaching languages at school in Europe Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
    Eurydice
  • Network Key data on teaching languages at school in Europe Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
    Eurydice
  • Ten Jan Ludger eds Receptive multilingualism Linguistic analyses language policies didactic concepts Amsterdam Benjamins
    Thije
  • Ad Turkish as an immigrant language in Europe In eds The Handbook of Bilingualism and nd edition Handbooks in
    Backus
  • Einar Dialect language nation In The of language Essays by Einar University
    Haugen
  • Research Website http www eurocomresearch net accessed
    EuroCom
  • Verständigung im gedolmetschten Gespräch Probleme ihre Ursachen und Bearbeitungsstrategien Saarbrücken
    Cieplinska
  • Endangered languages sociolinguistics linguistic sentimentalism
    De Swaan
  • Social motivations for codeswitching Evidence from University
    Myers
  • Eva Where policy doesn t meet life - world practice : The difficulty of creating the multilingual European of
    Vetter
  • of regional communication in Europe : Three case studies and a research agenda In ed Toolkit for Transnational Communication in Europe in
    Janssens
  • multilingual communities language acquisition
    Canagarajah
  • The discursive accomplishment of normality : On conversation analysis and lingua of
    Firth
  • Ecological perspectives on foreign language Teaching
    Kramsch
  • Anne François Grin eds The Dylan Project Booklet Dylan project Main Findings www dylan project org accessed
    Berthoud
  • Annelie Interweaving two discourses : The difficult task of the non - professional interpreter In Juliane House and eds Interlingual and intercultural communication Tübingen Narr
    Knapp
  • Grin enseignement des langues étrangères comme politique publique Rapport au Haut Conseil de l évaluation de l école
    Francois
  • The factor
    Firth
  • Jürgen Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change : Bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change Bilingualism and
    Meisel
  • Ad Change Introduction to the Special Issue on Agency and Power in Multilingual Discourse Studies
    Backus
  • Words of the world The global language system
    De Swaan
  • Sandra Community interpreting
    Hale
  • Judith Human Landscapes of Human Activities Benchmark
    Fellmann
  • Einar The Norwegian language in America a study in bilingual behavior Philadelphia Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania
    Haugen
  • Mira Receptive multilingualism in monolingual media : Managing the presence of Slovak on websites of
    Sloboda
  • Endangered languages sociolinguistics linguistic sentimentalism
    De Swaan
  • Commission Cooperation Programme Theme Socio economic Humanities http ec europa eu accessed
    July
  • Eva Linguistic diversity in Habsburg Austria as a model for modern European language policy In ten Ludger eds Receptive Amsterdam Benjamins
    Rindler
  • Einar Dialect language nation In The of language Essays by Einar University
    Haugen
  • Teaching Assessing Communicative Competence
    Byram
  • Extra eds rich Europe Trends in policies and practices for multilingual Europe The
    Guus
  • Martha Polylanguaging in superdiversity diversities An online journal published by UNESCO http unesdoc unesco org images pdf accessed august
    Jørgensen
  • Tom en dialectnivellering in Nederlands grensdialecten en
    Smits
  • Research Website http www eurocomresearch net accessed
    EuroCom
  • Accommodating difference in ELF conversations In Anna eds as a lingua franca Studies and findings Newcastle upon Cambridge Scholars Publishing
    Cogo
  • François Grin éds entendre entre langues voisines Vers intercompréhension Georg
    Conti
  • Penelope Code switching University
    Gardner
  • Your Languages in Estonian Utrecht Utrecht Dissertation
    Bahtina
  • Practice Global Cosmopolitan Relations
    Canagarajah
  • Foreign Study
    Hawkins
  • Commission a Special Eurobarometer their languages http ec europa eu public opinion index en htm accessed
    Europeans
  • Semicommunication accomodation Observations from the linguistic situation in Scandinavia of
    Braunmüller
  • Eva Linguistic diversity in Habsburg Austria as a model for modern European language policy In ten Ludger eds Receptive Amsterdam Benjamins
    Rindler
  • Marilyn Multilingual resources in classroom interaction ethnographic and discourse analytic perspectives and
    Saxena
  • Charlotte The contribution of linguistic factors to the intelligibility of closely related languages of and
    Gooskens
  • Anna - Lena eds Professionalisation of interpreting in the community The Critical Amsterdam Benjamins
    Wadensjö
  • Jan Europe as Empire The Nature of the Enlarged European Union University
    Zielonka
  • Ehrenreich Susanne as a business lingua franca in a German multinational corporation of
  • Receptive multilingualism in the Swiss Army of Special issue Receptive
    Berthele
  • Bilingual in the st Century Global Perspective New York
    García
  • The child in the middle : Agency and diplomacy in language brokering events In Kirsten eds Claims changes and challenges in translation studies Amsterdam Benjamins
    Hall
  • Cornelia to appear matter of reception ELF as a compared Special Issue
    Hülmbauer
  • as a lingua franca in Europe variety vareties or different types of use ? In Michaela Albl - Sabine eds Dimensionen Zweitsprachenforschung Dimensions of second language research Festschrift für Kurt Tübingen Narr
    Knapp
  • Commission a Special Eurobarometer their languages http ec europa eu public opinion index en htm accessed
    Europeans
  • in funktionell rückläufigen Minderheitensprachen theoretische und methodische Überlegungen In eds Sociolinguistica
    Rindler Schjerve
  • Anna Practising receptive multilingualism communication in Tallinn of
    Verschik
  • Geneviève plurilingue pluriculturelle de Europe
    Coste
  • Jennifer of developments in research into English as a lingua Teaching
    Jenkins
  • eds Interpreting for the community The Critical Amsterdam Benjamins
    Carr
  • Sociolinguistics An introduction Penguin
    Trudgill
  • Jeff andLucy Child language brokering in linguistic minority communities : Effects on cultural interaction literacy and
    McQuillan
  • Introducing social approach
    Weber
  • Annette Receptive multilingualism in an immigrant constellation : Examples from Turkish - German child language of
    Herkenrath
  • European Commission The size of the language industry in Europe Studies on translation and multilingualism Directorate - General for Translation
    Brussels
  • Ad Change Introduction to the Special Issue on Agency and Power in Multilingual Discourse Studies
    Backus
  • Juliane ed The of as a Special issue of
    House
  • eds Interpreting for the community The Critical Amsterdam Benjamins
    Carr
  • Larissa Britta Hufeisen eds The Exploration of Multilingualism Development of research on multilingualism and multiple language acquisition Amsterdam Benjamins
    Aronin
  • of Europe common European framework of reference for languages Learning teaching assessment University
    Council
  • als in Europa Sociolinguistica
    Ammon
  • Eva Exploiting receptive multilingualism in institutional language learning : The case of Italian in the Austrian secondary school system of
    Vetter
  • Agnes Code - switching and the optimal grammar of bilingual language use Bilingualism and
    Bhatt
  • Ad Jan ten toolkit for multilingual communication in Europe : dealing with linguistic diversity In ed Toolkit for Transnational Communication in Europe in
    Backus
  • multilingual communities language acquisition
    Canagarajah
  • Sociolinguistics An introduction Penguin
    Trudgill
  • European Commission The size of the language industry in Europe Studies on translation and multilingualism Directorate - General for Translation
    Brussels
  • Ecological perspectives on foreign language Teaching
    Kramsch
  • Anne eds Crossing borders in community interpreting Amsterdam Benjamins
    Valero
  • Ulrike Multilingualism in a standard language culture In Ulrike eds Standard languages and multilingualism in European Amsterdam Benjamins
    Vogl
  • Geneviève plurilingue pluriculturelle de Europe
    Coste
  • taalgrenzen staatsgrenzen en
    Hinskens
  • Sonja don understand your Miss Dolmetschen bei Tübingen Narr
    Pöllabauer
  • Jan Helmut Grensoverschrijdend dialectgebruik in taalcontact en
    Berns
  • Charlotte op de grens van twee talen University Nijmegen dissertation
    Giesbers
  • Fluent dysfluency as congruent lexicalization special case of radical code - mixing of Contact
    Lipski
  • as a lingua franca Co constructing understanding Saarbrücken
    Kaur
  • Practice Global Cosmopolitan Relations
    Canagarajah
  • Einar The Norwegian language in America a study in bilingual behavior Philadelphia Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania
    Haugen
  • Treffers Borrowing and shift - induced interference Contrasting patterns in Germanic contact in Brussels and Bilingualism and
    Daller
  • The Swiss model of plurilingual communication In Jan ten Ludger eds Receptive multilingualism : Linguistic analyses language policies and didactic concepts Amsterdam Benjamins
    Lüdi
  • Teaching Assessing Communicative Competence
    Byram
  • Eva European Current Perspectives Challenges
    Rindler
  • Contact Bilingual encounters grammatical outcomes New York University
    Myers
  • The interplay of language ideologies and contextual cues in multilingual interactions choice and code - switching in European Union institutions in
    Wodak
  • Alexandra contact in University
    Aikhenvald
  • Sonja don understand your Miss Dolmetschen bei Tübingen Narr
    Pöllabauer
  • Jeff andLucy Child language brokering in linguistic minority communities : Effects on cultural interaction literacy and
    McQuillan
  • The practice and potential of intercomprehension Research into the efficiency of intercomprehension with regard to the workflow at the Directorate - General for Translation of the European Commission Utrecht : University Utrecht
    Klaveren
  • Ten Jan Ludger eds Receptive multilingualism Linguistic analyses language policies didactic concepts Amsterdam Benjamins
    Thije
  • Jürgen Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change : Bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change Bilingualism and
    Meisel
  • Fluent dysfluency as congruent lexicalization special case of radical code - mixing of Contact
    Lipski
  • Jan Sociolinguistics of Globalization University
    Blommaert
  • von Bar Christian von eds Principles Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law Draft Common Frame of Reference München sellier european law publishers Accessible underhttp ec europa eu justice policies civil docs dcfr outline edition en pdf
    Eric Clive
  • The practice and potential of intercomprehension Research into the efficiency of intercomprehension with regard to the workflow at the Directorate - General for Translation of the European Commission Utrecht : University Utrecht
    Klaveren
  • Interpreting as interaction
    Wadensjö
  • European Centre for Modern Languages Using the European Portfolio Glossary Graz elp implementation ecml at UsingtheELP Glossary tabid language en GB Default aspx accessed
    ECML
  • awareness and intercomprehension in the professional knowledge and identity development of language student teachers of
    Pinho
  • ed The Turn Implications for Bilingual New York
    May
  • Mira The hospital cleaner as healthcare interpreter A case study In Ian ed Dialogue interpreting Special issue ofThe Interpreter St Jerome Publishing
    Pöchhacker
  • Social motivations for codeswitching Evidence from University
    Myers
  • Cornelia to appear matter of reception ELF as a compared Special Issue
    Hülmbauer
  • Penelope Contact and Code switching In ed The Handbook of Contact
    Gardner
  • Commission Studies on Multilingualism Translation Intercomprehension Publications Office of the European Union
    Luxembourg
  • Agnes Code - switching and the optimal grammar of bilingual language use Bilingualism and
    Bhatt
  • Using language University
    Clark
  • Penelope Code switching University
    Gardner
  • in funktionell rückläufigen Minderheitensprachen theoretische und methodische Überlegungen In eds Sociolinguistica
    Rindler Schjerve
  • ed The of as a Special isssue of
    Björkmann
  • next The
    Graddol
  • Nicht professionelles Gesprächsdolmetschen in deutsch - chinesischen Mehr - Parteien Interaktionen Eine gesprächsanalytische Untersuchung München
    Chen
  • Contact Bilingual encounters grammatical outcomes New York University
    Myers
  • Bilingual speech typology of codemixing University
    Muysken
  • Commission Studies on Multilingualism Translation Intercomprehension Publications Office of the European Union
    Luxembourg
  • Judith Human Landscapes of Human Activities Benchmark
    Fellmann
  • Jennifer as a Attitude identity University
    Jenkins
  • The Swiss model of plurilingual communication In Jan ten Ludger eds Receptive multilingualism : Linguistic analyses language policies and didactic concepts Amsterdam Benjamins
    Lüdi
  • ed The of as a Special isssue of
    Björkmann
  • ed The Turn Implications for Bilingual New York
    May
  • Kristin Bernd Ad - hoc interpreting and achievement of communicative purposes in doctor - patient - communication In Juliane House and Jochen eds Multilingual Amsterdam Benjamins
    Bührig
  • of Europe common European framework of reference for languages Learning teaching assessment University
    Council
  • Ad Turkish as an immigrant language in Europe In eds The Handbook of Bilingualism and nd edition Handbooks in
    Backus
  • Interpreting as interaction
    Wadensjö
  • Kristin Bernd Ad - hoc interpreting and achievement of communicative purposes in doctor - patient - communication In Juliane House and Jochen eds Multilingual Amsterdam Benjamins
    Bührig
  • Charlotte op de grens van twee talen University Nijmegen dissertation
    Giesbers
  • awareness and intercomprehension in the professional knowledge and identity development of language student teachers of
    Pinho
  • Ulrike Multilingualism in a standard language culture In Ulrike eds Standard languages and multilingualism in European Amsterdam Benjamins
    Vogl
  • Jan Sociolinguistics of Globalization University
    Blommaert
  • next The
    Graddol
  • Jochen Jan ten Anna Introductory remarks on the quintessence of Receptive The of
    Rehbein
  • Margaret code switching the model
    Deuchar
  • König Receptive and language understanding Iintelligibility of Azerbaijani to speakers of
    SağIn
  • Annette Receptive multilingualism in an immigrant constellation : Examples from Turkish - German child language of
    Herkenrath
  • Focus on a Study of Trilingual Writing The
    Cenoz
  • The discursive accomplishment of normality : On conversation analysis and lingua of
    Firth
  • Commission Cooperation Programme Theme Socio economic Humanities http ec europa eu accessed
    July
  • Verständigung im gedolmetschten Gespräch Probleme ihre Ursachen und Bearbeitungsstrategien Saarbrücken
    Cieplinska
  • for determining intelligibility among dialects of natural languages of the
    Voegelin
  • taalgrenzen staatsgrenzen en
    Hinskens
  • Semicommunication accomodation Observations from the linguistic situation in Scandinavia of
    Braunmüller
  • Extra eds Multilingual Europe Facts policies New York de Gruyter
    Guus
  • Ten Jan Jochen eds Receptive Special issue of
    Thije
  • Eva European Current Perspectives Challenges
    Rindler
  • Eva Where policy doesn t meet life - world practice : The difficulty of creating the multilingual European of
    Vetter
  • anglais lingua franca de l Union européenne : impératif de solidarité source d injustice facteur de décline publique
    van Parijs
  • of regional communication in Europe : Three case studies and a research agenda In ed Toolkit for Transnational Communication in Europe in
    Janssens
  • Mira The hospital cleaner as healthcare interpreter A case study In Ian ed Dialogue interpreting Special issue ofThe Interpreter St Jerome Publishing
    Pöchhacker
  • Jan Helmut Grensoverschrijdend dialectgebruik in taalcontact en
    Berns
  • von Bar Christian von eds Principles Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law Draft Common Frame of Reference München sellier european law publishers Accessible underhttp ec europa eu justice policies civil docs dcfr outline edition en pdf
    Eric Clive
  • den Rias The endonormative standards of European Emerging or elusive world wide
    van
  • Anna The corpus of English as a lingua franca in academic settings
    Mauranen
  • Charlotte The contribution of linguistic factors to the intelligibility of closely related languages of and
    Gooskens
  • Anne François Grin eds The Dylan Project Booklet Dylan project Main Findings www dylan project org accessed
    Berthoud
  • Jochen Jan ten Anna Introductory remarks on the quintessence of Receptive The of
    Rehbein
  • Kristin Bernd Nurses as interpreters Aspects of interpreter training for bilingual medical employees In Bernd Birgit Apfelbaum eds Multilingualism at work From policies to practices in public medical settings Amsterdam Benjamins
    Bührig
  • Extra eds rich Europe Trends in policies and practices for multilingual Europe The
    Guus
  • Ad Jan ten toolkit for multilingual communication in Europe : dealing with linguistic diversity In ed Toolkit for Transnational Communication in Europe in
    Backus
  • Sandra Euro Assessing variety status Narr
    Mollin
  • Nicht professionelles Gesprächsdolmetschen in deutsch - chinesischen Mehr - Parteien Interaktionen Eine gesprächsanalytische Untersuchung München
    Chen
  • Accommodating difference in ELF conversations In Anna eds as a lingua franca Studies and findings Newcastle upon Cambridge Scholars Publishing
    Cogo
  • for determining intelligibility among dialects of natural languages of the
    Voegelin
  • All dialects are equal but some dialects are more equal than others Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies Tilburg Tilburg University
    Swanenberg
  • Eva Exploiting receptive multilingualism in institutional language learning : The case of Italian in the Austrian secondary school system of
    Vetter
  • Your Languages in Estonian Utrecht Utrecht Dissertation
    Bahtina
  • Bilingual in the st Century Global Perspective New York
    García
  • François Grin éds entendre entre langues voisines Vers intercompréhension Georg
    Conti
  • Words of the world The global language system
    De Swaan
  • European Centre for Modern Languages Using the European Portfolio Glossary Graz elp implementation ecml at UsingtheELP Glossary tabid language en GB Default aspx accessed
    ECML
  • Using language University
    Clark
  • den Rias The endonormative standards of European Emerging or elusive world wide
    van
  • Cornelia We don t take the right way We just take the way that we think you will understand The shifting relationship of correctness and effectiveness in ELF communication In Anna Mauranen eds English as a lingua franca studies and findings Newcastle upon
    Hülmbauer
  • The factor
    Firth
  • Commission First European Survey on Language Competences Final Report http ec europa eu languages eslc docs en final report escl en pdf accessed
    August
  • Alexandra contact in University
    Aikhenvald
  • Receptive multilingualism as a language mode in the Dutch - German border area Münster etc
    Beerkens
  • Anna Practising receptive multilingualism communication in Tallinn of
    Verschik
  • Focus on a Study of Trilingual Writing The
    Cenoz
  • Receptive multilingualism as a language mode in the Dutch - German border area Münster etc
    Beerkens
  • The child in the middle : Agency and diplomacy in language brokering events In Kirsten eds Claims changes and challenges in translation studies Amsterdam Benjamins
    Hall
  • Anna The corpus of English as a lingua franca in academic settings
    Mauranen
  • The interplay of language ideologies and contextual cues in multilingual interactions choice and code - switching in European Union institutions in
    Wodak
  • Jennifer as a Attitude identity University
    Jenkins
  • Fixity fluidity language in flux of
    Otsuji
  • Kristin Bernd Nurses as interpreters Aspects of interpreter training for bilingual medical employees In Bernd Birgit Apfelbaum eds Multilingualism at work From policies to practices in public medical settings Amsterdam Benjamins
    Bührig
  • Sandra Euro Assessing variety status Narr
    Mollin
  • Extra eds Multilingual Europe Facts policies New York de Gruyter
    Guus
  • European Commission High Level Group on Final report http ec europa eu education policies lang doc multireport en pdf accessed
    Multilingualism
  • Meißner EuroComRom les sept tamis Lire les langues romanes dès le départ Avec une introduction à la didactique de l eurocompréhension Aachen
    Franz
  • Larissa Britta Hufeisen eds The Exploration of Multilingualism Development of research on multilingualism and multiple language acquisition Amsterdam Benjamins
    Aronin
  • Commission First European Survey on Language Competences Final Report http ec europa eu languages eslc docs en final report escl en pdf accessed
    August
  • Ten Jan Jochen eds Receptive Special issue of
    Thije
  • Resolution of the Council and of the Ministers of meeting within the of
    Council
  • Jennifer of developments in research into English as a lingua Teaching
    Jenkins
  • Jan Europe as Empire The Nature of the Enlarged European Union University
    Zielonka
  • Fixity fluidity language in flux of
    Otsuji
  • as a lingua franca Co constructing understanding Saarbrücken
    Kaur
  • Annelie Interweaving two discourses : The difficult task of the non - professional interpreter In Juliane House and eds Interlingual and intercultural communication Tübingen Narr
    Knapp
  • Margaret code switching the model
    Deuchar
  • Cornelia We don t take the right way We just take the way that we think you will understand The shifting relationship of correctness and effectiveness in ELF communication In Anna Mauranen eds English as a lingua franca studies and findings Newcastle upon
    Hülmbauer
  • Mira Receptive multilingualism in monolingual media : Managing the presence of Slovak on websites of
    Sloboda
  • Foreign Study
    Hawkins
  • Sandra Community interpreting
    Hale
  • Tom en dialectnivellering in Nederlands grensdialecten en
    Smits
  • Grin enseignement des langues étrangères comme politique publique Rapport au Haut Conseil de l évaluation de l école
    Francois
  • Bilingual speech typology of codemixing University
    Muysken
  • Marilyn Multilingual resources in classroom interaction ethnographic and discourse analytic perspectives and
    Saxena
  • Treffers Borrowing and shift - induced interference Contrasting patterns in Germanic contact in Brussels and Bilingualism and
    Daller
  • König Receptive and language understanding Iintelligibility of Azerbaijani to speakers of
    SağIn
  • All dialects are equal but some dialects are more equal than others Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies Tilburg Tilburg University
    Swanenberg
  • Meißner EuroComRom les sept tamis Lire les langues romanes dès le départ Avec une introduction à la didactique de l eurocompréhension Aachen
    Franz