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A review of radiometric analysis on soil erosion and deposition studies in Africa

A review of radiometric analysis on soil erosion and deposition studies in Africa AbstractSoil erosion is one of the main soil degradation phenomena that threaten sustainable use of soil productivity thus affecting food security. In addition, it leads to reservoir storage capacity loss because of sedimentation. This not only affects water quantity but also water quality. Worldwide, annual loss in reservoir storage capacity due to sedimentation is 0.5 to 1%. Similarly, about 27% of land in Africa is largely degraded by erosion. As a result, there is need to minimize soil erosion and deposition through site specific estimation of soil erosion and deposition rates in the reservoirs. To achieve this, Fallout RadioNuclides (FRNs) are some of the methods in use. The most common radionuclides include; 137Cs, 210Pb and 7Be. Only few countries in Africa have exploited these FRNs. In these countries, 137Cs has been largely exploited but in some regions, it has been reported to be below minimum detection limit. Using 137Cs and 210Pb, maximum reference inventory in Africa is found to be 1450 and 2602 Bq/m2, respectively. However, there is minimal application of 7Be within the continent. Also, very little has been done in Africa to assess chronology and sedimentation rates of reservoirs using FRNs measured from sediment cores. In conclusion, a gap still exists on FRNs application in Africa in assessing soil erosion, deposition and reservoir sedimentation. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Geochronometria de Gruyter

A review of radiometric analysis on soil erosion and deposition studies in Africa

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Publisher
de Gruyter
Copyright
© 2018 C.W. Maina et al., published by Sciendo
ISSN
1897-1695
eISSN
1897-1695
DOI
10.1515/geochr-2015-0085
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the main soil degradation phenomena that threaten sustainable use of soil productivity thus affecting food security. In addition, it leads to reservoir storage capacity loss because of sedimentation. This not only affects water quantity but also water quality. Worldwide, annual loss in reservoir storage capacity due to sedimentation is 0.5 to 1%. Similarly, about 27% of land in Africa is largely degraded by erosion. As a result, there is need to minimize soil erosion and deposition through site specific estimation of soil erosion and deposition rates in the reservoirs. To achieve this, Fallout RadioNuclides (FRNs) are some of the methods in use. The most common radionuclides include; 137Cs, 210Pb and 7Be. Only few countries in Africa have exploited these FRNs. In these countries, 137Cs has been largely exploited but in some regions, it has been reported to be below minimum detection limit. Using 137Cs and 210Pb, maximum reference inventory in Africa is found to be 1450 and 2602 Bq/m2, respectively. However, there is minimal application of 7Be within the continent. Also, very little has been done in Africa to assess chronology and sedimentation rates of reservoirs using FRNs measured from sediment cores. In conclusion, a gap still exists on FRNs application in Africa in assessing soil erosion, deposition and reservoir sedimentation.

Journal

Geochronometria – de Gruyter

Published: Jan 24, 2018

References

  • Use of a 137Cs re-sampling technique to investigate temporal changes in soil erosion and sediment mobilisation for a small forested catchment in southern Italy
  • Suitability of 137Cs redistribution as an indicator of soil quality
  • Geoderma Rapid erosion modeling in a Western Kenya watershed using visible near infrared re fl ectance, classification tree analysis and 137 Cesium
  • Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) Model for Determining the Sediment Accumulation Rates in the Coastal Area Using Lead-210
  • The utility of 137Cs for measuring soil redistribution in southwest Niger
  • Using 137Cs measurements to quantify soil erosion and redistribution rates for areas under different land use in the Upper Kaleya River basin, southern Zambia
  • Using fallout lead-210 measurements to estimate soil erosion in three small catchments in Southern Italy
  • Assessment of sedimentation rate through the use of anthropogenic 137Cs radionuclide
  • Validating the use of 137Cs and 210Pb ex measurements to estimate rates of soil loss from cultivated land in southern Italy