Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
A. Mocroft, B. Ledergerber, C. Katlama, O. Kirk, P. Reiss, A. Monforte, B. Knysz, M. Dietrich, A. Phillips, J. Lundgren (2003)
Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational studyThe Lancet, 362
N. Lohse, L. Jørgensen, G. Kronborg, A. Møller, B. Kvinesdal, H. Sørensen, N. Obel, J. Gerstoft (2007)
Genotypic Drug Resistance and Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Triple-Class Antiretroviral Drug FailureAntiviral Therapy, 12
E. Hart, Hilary Curtis, Ed Wilkins, M. Johnson (2007)
National review of first treatment change after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy in antiretroviral‐naïve patientsHIV Medicine, 8
M. O'brien, R. Clark, C. Besch, L. Myers, P. Kissinger (2003)
Patterns and Correlates of Discontinuation of the Initial HAART Regimen in an Urban Outpatient CohortJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 34
A. Hänsel, H. Bucher, R. Nüesch, M. Battegay (2001)
Reasons for discontinuation of first highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of proteinase inhibitor-naive HIV-infected patients.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 26 2
Stone VE
Perspectives on adherence and simplicity for HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy: self-report of the relative importance of multiple attributes of highly active antiretroviral
Palella FJ
Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.
S. Hammer, J. Eron, P. Reiss, R. Schooley, M. Thompson, S. Walmsley, P. Cahn, M. Fischl, J. Gatell, M. Hirsch, D. Jacobsen, J. Montaner, D. Richman, P. Yeni, P. Volberding (2008)
Antiretroviral treatment of adult HIV infection: 2008 recommendations of the International AIDS Society-USA panel.JAMA, 300 5
V. Johnson, F. Brun-vezinet, B. Clotet, H. Gunthard, D. Kuritzkes, D. Pillay, J. Schapiro, D. Richman (2009)
Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: December 2009.Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA, 17 5
V. Lima, R. Hogg, P. Harrigan, D. Moore, B. Yip, E. Wood, J. Montaner (2007)
Continued improvement in survival among HIV-infected individuals with newer forms of highly active antiretroviral therapyAIDS, 21
R. Hogg, V. Lima, J. Sterne, S. Grabar, M. Battegay, M. Bonarek, A. Monforte, A. Esteve, M. Gill, Ross Harris, A. Justice, A. Hayden, F. Lampe, A. Mocroft, J. Wasmuth, M. Mugavero, S. Staszewski, A. Sighem, M. Kitahata, J. Guest, M. Egger, M. May (2008)
Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studiesThe Lancet, 372
R. Lodwick, Colette Smith, M. Youle, F. Lampe, M. Tyrer, S. Bhagani, C. Chaloner, C. Sabin, M. Johnson, A. Phillips (2008)
Stability of antiretroviral regimens in patients with viral suppressionAIDS, 22
A. Mocroft, A. Horban, B. Clotet, A. Monforte, J. Bogner, P. Aldiņš, T. Staub, F. Antunes, Christine Katlama, Jens Lundgren (2008)
Regional differences in the risk of triple class failure in European patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy after 1 January 1999HIV Medicine, 9
Thi Vo, B. Ledergerber, O. Keiser, B. Hirschel, H. Furrer, M. Battegay, M. Cavassini, E. Bernasconi, P. Vernazza, R. Weber (2008)
Durability and outcome of initial antiretroviral treatments received during 2000--2005 by patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases, 197 12
V. Lima, R. Harrigan, M. Murray, D. Moore, E. Wood, R. Hogg, J. Montaner (2008)
Differential impact of adherence on long-term treatment response among naive HIV-infected individualsAIDS, 22
M. Thompson, J. Aberg, H. Günthard (2010)
Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection2010 Recommendations of the International AIDS Society–USA Panel
F. Palella, K. Delaney, A. Moorman, M. Loveless, J. Fuhrer, G. Satten, D. Aschman, S. Holmberg (1998)
Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators.The New England journal of medicine, 338 13
Monforte AA
Insights into the reasons for discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral
N. Lohse, N. Obel, G. Kronborg, A. Laursen, C. Pedersen, C. Larsen, B. Kvinesdal, H. Sørensen, J. Gerstoft (2005)
Declining risk of triple-class antiretroviral drug failure in Danish HIV-infected individualsAIDS, 19
M. Dorrucci, P. Pezzotti, B. Grisorio, C. Minardi, M. Muro, V. Vullo, Antonella Monforte (2001)
Time to discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen: a comparison between protease inhibitor- and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-containing regimens.AIDS, 15 13
A. Phillips, C. Leen, A. Wilson, Jane Anderson, D. Dunn, A. Schwenk, C. Orkin, T. Hill, M. Fisher, J. Walsh, D. Pillay, L. Bansi, B. Gazzard, P. Easterbrook, R. Gilson, M. Johnson, C. Sabin (2007)
Risk of extensive virological failure to the three original antiretroviral drug classes over long-term follow-up from the start of therapy in patients with HIV infection: an observational cohort studyThe Lancet, 370
María-Teresa Martín, E. Cacho, C. Codina, M. Tuset, E. Lazzari, J. Mallolas, J. Miró, J. Gatell, J. Ribas (2008)
Relationship between adherence level, type of the antiretroviral regimen, and plasma HIV type 1 RNA viral load: a prospective cohort study.AIDS research and human retroviruses, 24 10
Robert Hogg, David Bangsberg, Viviane Lima, Chris Alexander, S. Bonner, B. Yip, Evan Wood, Winnie Dong, J. Montaner, P. Harrigan (2006)
Emergence of Drug Resistance Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Death among Patients First Starting HAARTPLoS Medicine, 3
Lj Haddow, Cw Wood, Jg Ainsworth (2007)
Discontinuation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy due to nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-related metabolic toxicityInternational Journal of STD & AIDS, 18
K. Bhaskaran, O. Hamouda, M. Sannes, F. Boufassa, Anne Johnson, P. Lambert, K. Porter (2008)
Changes in the risk of death after HIV seroconversion compared with mortality in the general population.JAMA, 300 1
V. Stone, J. Jordan, J. Tolson, Robert Miller, Tom Pilon (2004)
Perspectives on Adherence and Simplicity for HIV-Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy: Self-Report of the Relative Importance of Multiple Attributes of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Regimens in Predicting AdherenceJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 36
A. Mocroft, M. Youle, A. Moore, C. Sabin, S. Madge, A. Lepri, M. Tyrer, C. Chaloner, Deborah Wilson, C. Loveday, M. Johnson, A. Phillips (2001)
Reasons for modification and discontinuation of antiretrovirals: results from a single treatment centreAIDS, 15
A. Mocroft, O. Kirk, P. Aldiņš, A. Chies, A. Blaxhult, N. Chentsova, N. Vetter, F. Dabis, G. Jm, J. Lundgren (2008)
Loss to follow‐up in an international, multicentre observational studyHIV Medicine, 9
M. Kozal, K. Hullsiek, R. MacArthur, M. Berg-Wolf, G. Peng, Ying Xiang, J. Baxter, J. Uy, E. Telzak, R. Novak (2007)
The Incidence of HIV Drug Resistance and Its Impact on Progression of HIV Disease Among Antiretroviral-Naïve Participants Started on Three Different Antiretroviral Therapy StrategiesHIV Clinical Trials, 8
A. Monforte, A. Lepri, G. Rezza, P. Pezzotti, A. Antinori, A. Phillips, G. Angarano, V. Colangeli, A. Luca, G. Ippolito, L. Caggese, F. Soscia, G. Filice, F. Gritti, P. Narciso, U. Tirelli, M. Moroni (2000)
Insights into the reasons for discontinuation of the first highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in a cohort of antiretroviral naïve patientsAIDS, 14
A. Mocroft, B. Ledergerber, J. Viard, S. Staszewski, M. Murphy, A. Chiesi, A. Horban, A-B Hansen, A. Phillips, J. Lundgren (2004)
Time to virological failure of 3 classes of antiretrovirals after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: results from the EuroSIDA study group.The Journal of infectious diseases, 190 11
A. Cozzi-Lepri, A. Phillips, B. Clotet, A. Mocroft, L. Ruíz, O. Kirk, A. Lazzarin, A. Wiercińska-Drapało, A. Karlsson, J. Lundgren (2008)
Detection of HIV drug resistance during antiretroviral treatment and clinical progression in a large European cohort studyAIDS, 22
R. Gross, B. Yip, Vincent Lo Re III, E. Wood, C. Alexander, P. Harrigan, D. Bangsberg, J. Montaner, R. Hogg (2006)
A simple, dynamic measure of antiretroviral therapy adherence predicts failure to maintain HIV-1 suppression.The Journal of infectious diseases, 194 8
V. Moing, G. Chêne, C. Leport, C. Lewden, Ségolène Duran, M. Garré, B. Masquelier, M. Dupon, F. Raffi (2002)
Impact of discontinuation of initial protease inhibitor therapy on further virological response in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 34 2
Objective : To determine the prevalence, characteristics and virological outcomes of triple-class antiretroviral drug failure (TCF) and triple-class virological failure (TCVF) in HIV-infected patients attending an Australian high caseload primary care clinic. Methods : Cross-sectional observational study using a retrospective review of electronic medical records from 1007 patients with HIV attending Holdsworth House Medical Practice in Darlinghurst, Australia, between 2007 and 2008. TCF was defined as failure (virological, immunological, clinical, intolerance or other) of at least one drug in each of the three major classes of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Results : A total of 51 patients (5.1%) with TCF were identified. Of these patients, 31.4% had experienced virological failure of each of the three main drug classes. Eighty-eight percent of patients with TCF and 75% of patients with TCVF had achieved virological suppression (HIV RNA <400 copies mL –1 ). Total mean (s.d.) duration on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was 12.2 (3.3) years, with patients receiving an average of 18 antiretroviral drugs during this period. Reasons for treatment change included intolerance (88% of patients), virological failure (84%), immunological failure (24%) and poor adherence (20%). Conclusions : The prevalence of TCF and TCVF in patients with long-term HIV infection and extensive antiretroviral experience is low in primary care sites. Despite experiencing failure to the three main classes of ART, successful virological outcomes are still achievable in the majority of such patients.
Sexual Health – CSIRO Publishing
Published: Feb 15, 2010
Keywords: antiretroviral treatment change, triple-class failure, triple-class virological failure.
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.