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The Scratch Programming Language and Environment JOHN MALONEY, MITCHEL RESNICK, NATALIE RUSK, BRIAN SILVERMAN, and EVELYN EASTMOND Massachusetts Institute of Technology Scratch is a visual programming environment that allows users (primarily ages 8 to 16) to learn computer programming while working on personally meaningful projects such as animated stories and games. A key design goal of Scratch is to support self-directed learning through tinkering and collaboration with peers. This article explores how the Scratch programming language and environment support this goal. Categories and Subject Descriptors: K.3.2 [Computer and Information Science Education]: Computer Science Education General Terms: Design, Human Factors, Languages Additional Key Words and Phrases: language, programming environment Scratch, visual programming language, programming ACM Reference Format: Maloney, J., Resnick, M., Rusk, N., Silverman, B., and Eastmond, E. 2010. The scratch programming language and environment. ACM Trans. Comput. Educ. 10, 4, Article 16 (November 2010), 15 pages. DOI = 10.1145/1868358.1868363. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1868358.1868363. 1. INTRODUCTION Scratch is a visual programming environment that lets users create interactive, media-rich projects. People have created a wide range of projects with Scratch, including animated stories, games, online news shows, book reports, greeting cards, music videos, science projects, tutorials, simulations, and sensor-driven art and music projects
ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) – Association for Computing Machinery
Published: Nov 1, 2010
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