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The Effects of Cyclosporin a on The Immune System

The Effects of Cyclosporin a on The Immune System The cyclosporins were originally discovered in 1970 by workers at Sandoz Ltd. in Switzerland who were attempting to identify new antifungal agents ( 1). The crude extracts of two new strains of fungi imperfecti, Cylindrocapon lucidum Booth and Tolypocladium inflatum Gams, demonstrated a narrow spectrum of activity in vitro and only marginal fungistatic activity in vivo mainly against clinically irrelevant organisms. However, the antifungal activity was accompanied by an unusually low degree of toxicity, which prompted the investigators at Sandoz to submit the compound to a limited pharmacological screening program. In 1972, Borel discovered that the fungal extract was capable of markedly inhibiting hemagglutinin formation against sheep erythrocytes in vivo but appeared to be selective in its immunosuppressive effects because it had no effect on the survival of mice that had been inoculated with the L 1210 leukemia line. This observation formed the basis for a series of extensive studies of the effects of cyclosporin (CY A) on the immune system. In 1973, cyclosporin A was purified from the fungal extract, and in 1975 complete structural analysis was performed (2). CY A was successfully synthesized in 1980. CY A (Mr 1203) is a neutral, hydrophobic, cyclic peptide composed http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Immunology Annual Reviews

The Effects of Cyclosporin a on The Immune System

Shevach, E M
Annual Review of Immunology , Volume 3 (1) – Apr 1, 1985
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References (38)

Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1985 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0732-0582
eISSN
1545-3278
DOI
10.1146/annurev.iy.03.040185.002145
pmid
3933532
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The cyclosporins were originally discovered in 1970 by workers at Sandoz Ltd. in Switzerland who were attempting to identify new antifungal agents ( 1). The crude extracts of two new strains of fungi imperfecti, Cylindrocapon lucidum Booth and Tolypocladium inflatum Gams, demonstrated a narrow spectrum of activity in vitro and only marginal fungistatic activity in vivo mainly against clinically irrelevant organisms. However, the antifungal activity was accompanied by an unusually low degree of toxicity, which prompted the investigators at Sandoz to submit the compound to a limited pharmacological screening program. In 1972, Borel discovered that the fungal extract was capable of markedly inhibiting hemagglutinin formation against sheep erythrocytes in vivo but appeared to be selective in its immunosuppressive effects because it had no effect on the survival of mice that had been inoculated with the L 1210 leukemia line. This observation formed the basis for a series of extensive studies of the effects of cyclosporin (CY A) on the immune system. In 1973, cyclosporin A was purified from the fungal extract, and in 1975 complete structural analysis was performed (2). CY A was successfully synthesized in 1980. CY A (Mr 1203) is a neutral, hydrophobic, cyclic peptide composed

Journal

Annual Review of Immunology – Annual Reviews

Published: Apr 1, 1985

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