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It has long been realized that the major adjustment of the fetus to extra uterine life involves extensive physiologic changes in the lungs particularly and in the cardiovascular system as well. Attempts to investigate the rapid and vital changes in the lungs in the perinatal period date back at least to the latter part of the nineteenth century (64); however, the work of Barcroft (12) in animals first delineated many of the important areas needing in vestigation, and Dawes and co-workers (43, 44, 4.5) have continued animal research that has provide d descriptions of normal fetal and neonatal pul monary and cardiovascular adjustments. Stimulated by these provocative experiments in animals and provided with a variety of new biochemical and physiologic techniques, investigations have recently been focused on the human newborn infant. Naturally, investigators have been intrigued by the puzzles involved in normal respiratory adjustments, but the studies are particularly important because they are allowing an ever-increasing under standing of the respiratory abnormalities encountered in the newborn, abnormalities which represent a challenge to obstetricians, pediatricians, anesthesiologists, biochemists, pathologists, and physiologists because they account for approximately half of all deaths in the first week of life (5, 1 3, 23,
Annual Review of Medicine – Annual Reviews
Published: Feb 1, 1961
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