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Oral Tolerance: Immunologic Mechanisms and Treatment of Animal and Human Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases by Oral Administration of Autoantigens

Oral Tolerance: Immunologic Mechanisms and Treatment of Animal and Human Organ-Specific... Oral tolerance is a long recognized method to induce peripheral immune tolerance. The primary mechanisms by which orally administered antigen induces tolerance are via the generation of active suppression or clonal anergy. Low doses of orally administered antigen favor active suppression whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy. The regulatory cells that mediate active suppression act via the secretion of suppressive cytokines such as TGFfJ and IL-4 after being triggered by the oral tolerogen. Furthermore, antigen that stimulates the gut-associated lymphoid tissue preferentially generates a Th2 type response. Because the regulatory cells generated The US government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper. ' WEINER ET AL following oral tolerization are triggered in an antigen-specific fashion but suppress in an antigen nonspecific fashion, they mediate "bystander suppression" when they encounter the fed autoantigen at the target organ. Thus it may not be necessary to identify the target autoantigen to suppress an organ-specific autoimmune disease via oral tolerance; it is necessary only to administer orally a protein capable of inducing regulatory cells that secrete suppressive cytokines. Orally administered autoantigens suppress several experimental autoimmune models in a disease- and antigen-specific fashion; http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Annual Review of Immunology Annual Reviews

Oral Tolerance: Immunologic Mechanisms and Treatment of Animal and Human Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases by Oral Administration of Autoantigens

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Publisher
Annual Reviews
Copyright
Copyright 1994 Annual Reviews. All rights reserved
Subject
Review Articles
ISSN
0732-0582
eISSN
1545-3278
DOI
10.1146/annurev.iy.12.040194.004113
pmid
8011298
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Oral tolerance is a long recognized method to induce peripheral immune tolerance. The primary mechanisms by which orally administered antigen induces tolerance are via the generation of active suppression or clonal anergy. Low doses of orally administered antigen favor active suppression whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy. The regulatory cells that mediate active suppression act via the secretion of suppressive cytokines such as TGFfJ and IL-4 after being triggered by the oral tolerogen. Furthermore, antigen that stimulates the gut-associated lymphoid tissue preferentially generates a Th2 type response. Because the regulatory cells generated The US government has the right to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering this paper. ' WEINER ET AL following oral tolerization are triggered in an antigen-specific fashion but suppress in an antigen nonspecific fashion, they mediate "bystander suppression" when they encounter the fed autoantigen at the target organ. Thus it may not be necessary to identify the target autoantigen to suppress an organ-specific autoimmune disease via oral tolerance; it is necessary only to administer orally a protein capable of inducing regulatory cells that secrete suppressive cytokines. Orally administered autoantigens suppress several experimental autoimmune models in a disease- and antigen-specific fashion;

Journal

Annual Review of Immunology – Annual Reviews

Published: Apr 1, 1994

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