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The vertebrate B-cell repertoire is capable of generating up to 109 different antibody molecules using relatively few germline immunoglobulin (Ig) gene segments. To generate diversity, humans and mice depend on com binatorial and junctional variations that occur during the gene rearrange ment events that produce complete heavy and light chain Ig genes. This gene rearrangement process goes on continuously in the bone marrow, where each developing B cell assembles a unique heavy and light chain Ig gene from families of functional V, D, and J gene segments. In contrast, chickens have only single functional V and J segments for the heavy and light chain loci, and chicken Ig gene rearrangement occurs only during a brief period of embryonic development. A specialized organ involved in avian B-cell development, the bursa of Fabricius, provides the micro environment necessary for the amplification of B cells that have undergone productive Ig gene rearrangements. Within the bursa, B cells also acquire somatic diversity within the rearranged V gene segments of the heavy and light chain Ig loci. Somatic diversification of chicken V gene segments occurs by intrachromosomal gene conversion, a DNA recombination pro cess which involves unidirectional transfer of nucleotide sequence blocks 219
Annual Review of Immunology – Annual Reviews
Published: Apr 1, 1991
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