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Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed... Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh Daniel T. Leung a , b , c , Mohammad Arif Rahman a , M. Mohasin a , Sweta M. Patel a , b , Amena Aktar a , Farhana Khanam a , Taher Uddin a , M. Asrafuzzaman Riyadh a , Amit Saha a , Mohammad Murshid Alam a , Fahima Chowdhury a , Ashraful Islam Khan a , Richelle Charles b , c , Regina LaRocque b , c , Jason B. Harris b , d , Stephen B. Calderwood b , c , e , Firdausi Qadri a and Edward T. Ryan b , c , f a Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh b Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA c Departments of Medicine d Pediatrics e Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA f Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ABSTRACT Current oral cholera vaccines induce lower protective efficacy and shorter duration of protection against cholera than wild-type infection provides, and this difference is most pronounced in young children. Despite this, there are limited data comparing immune responses in children following wild-type disease versus vaccination, especially with regard to memory responses associated with long-term immunity. Here, we report a comparison of immune responses in young children (2 to 5 years of age; n = 20) and older children (6 to 17 years of age; n = 20) given two doses of an oral killed cholera vaccine containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) 14 days apart and compare these responses to those induced in similarly aged children recovering from infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh. We found that the two vaccine groups had comparable vibriocidal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific plasma antibody responses. Vaccinees developed lower levels of IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against CtxB but no significant MBC responses against LPS. In contrast, children recovering from natural cholera infection developed prominent LPS IgG and IgA MBC responses, as well as CtxB IgG MBC responses. Plasma LPS IgG, IgA, and IgM responses, as well as vibriocidal responses, were also significantly higher in children following disease than after vaccination. Our findings suggest that acute and memory immune responses following oral cholera vaccination in children are significantly lower than those observed following wild-type disease, especially responses targeting LPS. These findings may explain, in part, the lower efficacy of oral cholera vaccination in children. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Clinical and Vaccine Immunology American Society For Microbiology

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , Volume 19 (5): 690 – May 1, 2012

Abstract

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh Daniel T. Leung a , b , c , Mohammad Arif Rahman a , M. Mohasin a , Sweta M. Patel a , b , Amena Aktar a , Farhana Khanam a , Taher Uddin a , M. Asrafuzzaman Riyadh a , Amit Saha a , Mohammad Murshid Alam a , Fahima Chowdhury a , Ashraful Islam Khan a , Richelle Charles b , c , Regina LaRocque b , c , Jason B. Harris b , d , Stephen B. Calderwood b , c , e , Firdausi Qadri a and Edward T. Ryan b , c , f a Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh b Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA c Departments of Medicine d Pediatrics e Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA f Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ABSTRACT Current oral cholera vaccines induce lower protective efficacy and shorter duration of protection against cholera than wild-type infection provides, and this difference is most pronounced in young children. Despite this, there are limited data comparing immune responses in children following wild-type disease versus vaccination, especially with regard to memory responses associated with long-term immunity. Here, we report a comparison of immune responses in young children (2 to 5 years of age; n = 20) and older children (6 to 17 years of age; n = 20) given two doses of an oral killed cholera vaccine containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) 14 days apart and compare these responses to those induced in similarly aged children recovering from infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh. We found that the two vaccine groups had comparable vibriocidal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific plasma antibody responses. Vaccinees developed lower levels of IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against CtxB but no significant MBC responses against LPS. In contrast, children recovering from natural cholera infection developed prominent LPS IgG and IgA MBC responses, as well as CtxB IgG MBC responses. Plasma LPS IgG, IgA, and IgM responses, as well as vibriocidal responses, were also significantly higher in children following disease than after vaccination. Our findings suggest that acute and memory immune responses following oral cholera vaccination in children are significantly lower than those observed following wild-type disease, especially responses targeting LPS. These findings may explain, in part, the lower efficacy of oral cholera vaccination in children.

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Publisher
American Society For Microbiology
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by the American society for Microbiology.
ISSN
1556-6811
eISSN
1556-679X
DOI
10.1128/CVI.05615-11
pmid
22441386
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh Daniel T. Leung a , b , c , Mohammad Arif Rahman a , M. Mohasin a , Sweta M. Patel a , b , Amena Aktar a , Farhana Khanam a , Taher Uddin a , M. Asrafuzzaman Riyadh a , Amit Saha a , Mohammad Murshid Alam a , Fahima Chowdhury a , Ashraful Islam Khan a , Richelle Charles b , c , Regina LaRocque b , c , Jason B. Harris b , d , Stephen B. Calderwood b , c , e , Firdausi Qadri a and Edward T. Ryan b , c , f a Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh b Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA c Departments of Medicine d Pediatrics e Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA f Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ABSTRACT Current oral cholera vaccines induce lower protective efficacy and shorter duration of protection against cholera than wild-type infection provides, and this difference is most pronounced in young children. Despite this, there are limited data comparing immune responses in children following wild-type disease versus vaccination, especially with regard to memory responses associated with long-term immunity. Here, we report a comparison of immune responses in young children (2 to 5 years of age; n = 20) and older children (6 to 17 years of age; n = 20) given two doses of an oral killed cholera vaccine containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) 14 days apart and compare these responses to those induced in similarly aged children recovering from infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh. We found that the two vaccine groups had comparable vibriocidal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific plasma antibody responses. Vaccinees developed lower levels of IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against CtxB but no significant MBC responses against LPS. In contrast, children recovering from natural cholera infection developed prominent LPS IgG and IgA MBC responses, as well as CtxB IgG MBC responses. Plasma LPS IgG, IgA, and IgM responses, as well as vibriocidal responses, were also significantly higher in children following disease than after vaccination. Our findings suggest that acute and memory immune responses following oral cholera vaccination in children are significantly lower than those observed following wild-type disease, especially responses targeting LPS. These findings may explain, in part, the lower efficacy of oral cholera vaccination in children.

Journal

Clinical and Vaccine ImmunologyAmerican Society For Microbiology

Published: May 1, 2012

References