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Exposure of Cord Blood to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induces an Innate Response but Not a T-Cell Cytokine Response

Exposure of Cord Blood to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induces an Innate Response but Not a T-Cell... Despite routine vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) soon after birth, tuberculosis in babies and adults remains epidemic in South Africa. The immune responses of the naïve newborn child and how they are affected by vaccination with BCG are as yet not fully understood. Immunity during pregnancy and in healthy human newborns may be skewed toward type 2 cytokine production; however, it is type 1 cytokines that are required for protection against M. tuberculosis infection. To better understand neonatal cytokine responses prior to and following exposure to mycobacteria, we have collected cord blood and peripheral blood samples and evaluated the cytokine response following ex vivo incubation with BCG. Gamma interferon (IFN- ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and low levels of IL-13 and IL-5 but no IL-4 were secreted into the culture supernatant of cord blood mononuclear cells. Intracellular staining showed that IL-10 and IL-12 were produced by monocytes and that IFN- was produced by natural killer (NK) cells but not by CD4 + or CD8 + T cells. In contrast, in the peripheral blood samples collected from babies 13 weeks post-BCG vaccination, IFN- was detected within CD4 + and CD8 + cells. Taken together, the data suggest a central role for Th1 cytokines in naïve as well as BCG-vaccinated neonates in the protective immune response to tuberculosis. NK cell-derived IFN- produced in naïve neonates likely plays a key protective role via monocyte activation and the priming of a subsequent adaptive Th1 response. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Clinical and Vaccine Immunology American Society For Microbiology

Exposure of Cord Blood to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induces an Innate Response but Not a T-Cell Cytokine Response

Exposure of Cord Blood to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Induces an Innate Response but Not a T-Cell Cytokine Response

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology , Volume 15 (11): 1666 – Nov 1, 2008

Abstract

Despite routine vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) soon after birth, tuberculosis in babies and adults remains epidemic in South Africa. The immune responses of the naïve newborn child and how they are affected by vaccination with BCG are as yet not fully understood. Immunity during pregnancy and in healthy human newborns may be skewed toward type 2 cytokine production; however, it is type 1 cytokines that are required for protection against M. tuberculosis infection. To better understand neonatal cytokine responses prior to and following exposure to mycobacteria, we have collected cord blood and peripheral blood samples and evaluated the cytokine response following ex vivo incubation with BCG. Gamma interferon (IFN- ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and low levels of IL-13 and IL-5 but no IL-4 were secreted into the culture supernatant of cord blood mononuclear cells. Intracellular staining showed that IL-10 and IL-12 were produced by monocytes and that IFN- was produced by natural killer (NK) cells but not by CD4 + or CD8 + T cells. In contrast, in the peripheral blood samples collected from babies 13 weeks post-BCG vaccination, IFN- was detected within CD4 + and CD8 + cells. Taken together, the data suggest a central role for Th1 cytokines in naïve as well as BCG-vaccinated neonates in the protective immune response to tuberculosis. NK cell-derived IFN- produced in naïve neonates likely plays a key protective role via monocyte activation and the priming of a subsequent adaptive Th1 response.

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Publisher
American Society For Microbiology
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 by the American Society For Microbiology.
ISSN
1556-6811
eISSN
1556-6811
DOI
10.1128/CVI.00202-08
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Despite routine vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) soon after birth, tuberculosis in babies and adults remains epidemic in South Africa. The immune responses of the naïve newborn child and how they are affected by vaccination with BCG are as yet not fully understood. Immunity during pregnancy and in healthy human newborns may be skewed toward type 2 cytokine production; however, it is type 1 cytokines that are required for protection against M. tuberculosis infection. To better understand neonatal cytokine responses prior to and following exposure to mycobacteria, we have collected cord blood and peripheral blood samples and evaluated the cytokine response following ex vivo incubation with BCG. Gamma interferon (IFN- ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), IL-12, and low levels of IL-13 and IL-5 but no IL-4 were secreted into the culture supernatant of cord blood mononuclear cells. Intracellular staining showed that IL-10 and IL-12 were produced by monocytes and that IFN- was produced by natural killer (NK) cells but not by CD4 + or CD8 + T cells. In contrast, in the peripheral blood samples collected from babies 13 weeks post-BCG vaccination, IFN- was detected within CD4 + and CD8 + cells. Taken together, the data suggest a central role for Th1 cytokines in naïve as well as BCG-vaccinated neonates in the protective immune response to tuberculosis. NK cell-derived IFN- produced in naïve neonates likely plays a key protective role via monocyte activation and the priming of a subsequent adaptive Th1 response.

Journal

Clinical and Vaccine ImmunologyAmerican Society For Microbiology

Published: Nov 1, 2008

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