Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Loading next page...
/lp/american-meteorological-society/influence-of-upper-troposphere-stratification-and-cloud-radiation-xN2wwK8lJA
References (40)
-
A. W. Brewer (1949)
Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere, 75
-
H. Hersbach (2020)
The ERA5 global reanalysis, 146
-
M. Jucker, E. P. Gerber (2017)
Untangling the annual cycle of the tropical tropopause layer with an idealized moist model, 30
-
J. G. Anderson (2017)
Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis, 114
-
W. J. Randel, E. J. Jensen (2013)
Physical processes in the tropical tropopause layer and their roles in a changing climate, 6
-
Z. Feng, L. R. Leung, R. A. Houze, S. Hagos, J. Hardin, Q. Yang, B. Han, J. Fan (2018)
Structure and evolution of mesoscale convective systems: Sensitivity to cloud microphysics in convection-permitting simulations over the United States, 10
-
Q. Fu, M. Smith, Q. Yang (2018)
The impact of cloud radiative effects on the tropical tropopause layer temperatures, 9
-
D. L. Hartmann, P. N. Blossey, B. D. Dygert (2019)
Convection and climate: What have we learned from simple models and simplified settings?, 5
-
M. J. Iacono, J. S. Delamere, E. J. Mlawer, M. W. Shephard, S. A. Clough, W. D. Collins (2008)
Radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models, 113
-
K. Yoshida, R. Mizuta, O. Arakawa (2018)
Intermodel differences in upwelling in the tropical tropopause layer among CMIP5 models, 123
-
C. S. Bretherton, M. F. Khairoutdinov (2015)
Convective self-aggregation feedbacks in near-global cloud-resolving simulations of an aquaplanet, 7
-
B. Stevens (2019)
DYAMOND: The Dynamics of the Atmospheric general circulation Modeled on Non-hydrostatic Domains, 6
-
C. E. Holloway, J. D. Neelin (2007)
The convective cold top and quasi equilibrium, 64
-
A. Ming, A. C. Maycock, P. Hitchcock, P. Haynes (2017)
The radiative role of ozone and water vapour in the annual temperature cycle in the tropical tropopause layer, 17
-
Q. Yang, Q. Fu, J. Austin, A. Gettelman, F. Li, H. Vömel (2008)
Observationally derived and general circulation model simulated tropical stratospheric upward mass fluxes, 113
-
H. Kubokawa, M. Fujiwara, T. Nasuno, M. Miura, M. K. Yamamoto, M. Satoh (2012)
Analysis of the tropical tropopause layer using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM): 2. An experiment under the atmospheric conditions of December 2006 to January 2007, 117
-
H. Morrison, J. A. Curry, V. I. Khvorostyanov (2005)
A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part I: Description, 62
-
S. Dacie (2019)
A 1D RCE study of factors affecting the tropical tropopause layer and surface climate, 32
-
W. J. Randel, M. Park (2019)
Diagnosing observed stratospheric water vapor relationships to the cold point tropical tropopause, 124
-
C. Küpper, J. Thuburn, G. C. Craig, T. Birner (2004)
Mass and water transport into the tropical stratosphere: A cloud-resolving simulation, 109
-
A. E. Dessler, M. R. Schoeberl, T. Wang, S. M. Davis, K. H. Rosenlof (2013)
Stratospheric water vapor feedback, 110
-
N. Butchart (2014)
The Brewer-Dobson circulation, 52
-
S. C. Sherwood, T. Horinouchi, H. A. Zeleznik (2003)
Convective impact on temperatures observed near the tropical tropopause, 60
-
D. L. Hartmann, B. Gasparini, S. E. Berry, P. N. Blossey (2018)
The life cycle and net radiative effect of tropical anvil clouds, 10
-
M. F. Khairoutdinov, D. A. Randall (2003)
Cloud resolving modeling of the ARM summer 1997 IOP: Model formulation, results, uncertainties, and sensitivities, 60
-
S. Fueglistaler, P. H. Haynes, P. M. Forster (2011)
The annual cycle in lower stratospheric temperatures revisited, 11
-
J. R. Holton, P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, L. Pfister (1995)
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, 33
-
J. Thuburn, G. C. Craig (2002)
On the temperature structure of the tropical substratosphere, 107
-
G. Thompson, P. R. Field, R. M. Rasmussen, W. D. Hall (2008)
Explicit forecasts of winter precipitation using an improved bulk microphysics scheme. Part II: Implementation of a new snow parameterization, 136
-
P. Lin, D. Paynter, Y. Ming, V. Ramaswamy (2017)
Changes of the tropical tropopause layer under global warming, 30
-
A. Voigt, N. Albern, G. Papavasileiou (2019)
The atmospheric pathway of the cloud-radiative impact on the circulation response to global warming: Important and uncertain, 32
-
Z. Kuang, C. S. Bretherton (2004)
Convective influence on the heat balance of the tropical tropopause layer: A cloud-resolving model study, 61
-
P. W. Mote (1996)
An atmospheric tape recorder: The imprint of tropical tropopause temperatures on stratospheric water vapor, 101
-
E. Yulaeva, J. R. Holton, J. M. Wallace (1994)
On the cause of the annual cycle in tropical lower-stratospheric temperatures, 51
-
J. W. Bao, S. A. Michelson, E. D. Grell (2019)
Microphysical process comparison of three microphysics parameterization schemes in the WRF Model for an idealized squall-line case study, 147
-
C. Kobayashi, T. Iwasaki (2016)
Brewer-Dobson circulation diagnosed from JRA-55, 121
-
F. J. Robinson, S. C. Sherwood (2006)
Modeling the impact of convective entrainment on the tropical tropopause, 63
-
S. Fueglistaler, A. E. Dessler, T. J. Dunkerton, I. Folkins, Q. Fu, P. W. Mote (2009)
Tropical tropopause layer, 47
-
S. W. Powell, R. A. Houze, A. Kumar, S. A. McFarlane (2012)
Comparison of simulated and observed continental tropical anvil clouds and their radiative heating profiles, 69
-
J. W. Deardorff, G. E. Willis, B. H. Stockton (1980)
Laboratory studies of the entrainment zone of a convectively mixed layer, 100
- Publisher
- American Meteorological Society
- Copyright
- Copyright © American Meteorological Society
- ISSN
- 1520-0469
- eISSN
- 1520-0469
- DOI
- 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0241.1
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
AbstractIt is still debated whether radiative heating observed in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is balanced primarily by cooling from convective overshoots, as in an entrainment layer, or by adiabatic cooling from large-scale eddy-driven upwelling. In this study, three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations of radiative–convective equilibrium were carried out with three different cloud microphysics schemes and 1-km horizontal resolution. We demonstrate that overshooting cooling in the TTL can be strongly modulated by upper-troposphere stratification. Two of the schemes produce a hard-landing scenario in which convective overshoots reach the TTL with frequent large vertical velocity leading to strong overshooting cooling (~−0.2 K day−1). The third scheme produces a soft-landing scenario in which convective overshoots rarely reach the TTL with large vertical velocity and produce little overshooting cooling (~−0.03 K day−1). The difference between the two scenarios is attributed to changes in the upper-troposphere stratification related to different atmospheric cloud radiative effects (ACRE). The microphysics scheme that produces the soft-landing scenario has much stronger ACRE in the upper troposphere leading to a ~3-K-warmer and more stable layer that acts as a buffer zone to slow down the convective updrafts. The stratification mechanism suggests the possibility for the ozone variation or eddy-driven upwelling in the TTL to modulate convective overshoots. We further test the sensitivity of overshooting cooling to changes in model resolution by increasing the horizontal resolution to 100 m. The corresponding change of overshooting cooling is much smaller compared with the difference between the hard-landing and soft-landing scenarios.
Journal
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences – American Meteorological Society
Published: Aug 20, 2021