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The Role of a Chronic Carrier in an Epidemic of Staphylococcal Disease in a Newborn Nursery

The Role of a Chronic Carrier in an Epidemic of Staphylococcal Disease in a Newborn Nursery Abstract Staphylococcal disease is now recognized as a serious and widespread cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants and their mothers. The epidemiological studies made possible by bacteriophage typing of this group of micro-organisms have demonstrated that the agent is usually acquired by the infant in the hospital environment, from nursing personnel, from other infants, or possibly from various fomites1-7 and that the carrier state may persist long after the infant's discharge from the nursery.8 Virulance as well as ability to produce a nasal carrier state vary greatly with different bacteriophage types of Staphylococcus pyogenes,9 the most virulant strain reported to date being lysed by phages 42B/47C/44A/52/80/81.8 Control of epidemics has not been entirely satisfactory; the usual hygienic measures frequently fail to stop the spread of infection,10 and hexachlorophene bathing or erythromycin treatment1, 11,12 has been found necessary to arrest certain outbreaks. This References 1. Shaffer, T. E.; Baldwin, J. N.; Rheins, M. S., and Sylvester, R. F., Jr.: Staphylococcal Infections in Newborn Infants: I. Study of an Epidemic Among Infants and Nursing Mothers , Pediatrics 18:750, 1956. 2. Rountree, P. M., and Barbour, R. G. H.: Staphylococcus Pyogenes in Newborn Babies in a Maternity Hospital , M. J. Australia 1:525, 1950. 3. Colbeck, J. C.: Extensive Staphylococcal Infections in Maternity Units (Use of Bacteriophage Typing in Investigation and Control) , Canad. M. A. J. 61:557, 1949. 4. Webb, J. F.: Newborn Infections and Breast Abscesses of Staphylococcal Origin , Canad. M. A. J. 70:382, 1954. 5. Ravenholt, R. T., and LaVeck, G. D.: Staphylococcal Disease: An Obstetric, Pediatric, and Community Problem , Am. J. Pub. Health 46: 1287, 1956. 6. Wysham, D. N.; Mulhern, M. E.; Navarre, G. O.; LaVeck, G. D.; Kennan, A. L., and Giedt, W. R.: Staphylococcal Infection in an Obstetric Unit: I. Epidemic Studies of Pyoderma Neonatorum , New England J. Med. 257:295, 1957.Crossref 7. Edmunds, P. N.; Elias-Jones, T. F.; Forfar, J. O., and Balf, C. L.: Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn Infant , Brit. M. J. 1:990, 1955.Crossref 8. Shaffer, T. E.: Personal communication to the author. 9. Baldwin, J. N.; Rheins, M. S.; Sylvester, R. F., Jr., and Shaffer, T. E.: Staphylococcal Infections in Newborn Infants: III. Colonization of Newborn Infants by Staphylococcus Pyogenes , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 94:107, 1957.Crossref 10. Barber, M.; Hayhoe, F. G. J., and Whitehead, J. E. M.: Penicillin Resistant Staphylococcal Infection in a Maternity Hospital , Lancet 7:1120, 1949.Crossref 11. Hardyment, A. F.: Control of Infections in the Newborn , Canad. M. A. J. 70:379, 1954. 12. Forfar, J. O.; Maccabe, A. F.; Balf, C. L.; Wright, H. A., and Gould, J. C.: Staphylococcal Infection in the Newborn Treated with Erythromycin , Lancet 1:584, 1955.Crossref 13. Pennoyer, M. M., and Sullivan, M. P.: Skin Care of the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 44:258, 1954.Crossref 14. Smith, R. T.: Epidemic Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis in a Newborn Nursery , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 92:45, 1956. 15. Duncan, J. T., and Walker, J.: Staphylococcus Aureus in Milk of Nursing Mothers and the Alimentary Canal of Their Infants: Report to The Medical Research Council , J. Hyg. 42:474, 1944.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

The Role of a Chronic Carrier in an Epidemic of Staphylococcal Disease in a Newborn Nursery

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Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1958 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1958.02060050465001
Publisher site
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Abstract

Abstract Staphylococcal disease is now recognized as a serious and widespread cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants and their mothers. The epidemiological studies made possible by bacteriophage typing of this group of micro-organisms have demonstrated that the agent is usually acquired by the infant in the hospital environment, from nursing personnel, from other infants, or possibly from various fomites1-7 and that the carrier state may persist long after the infant's discharge from the nursery.8 Virulance as well as ability to produce a nasal carrier state vary greatly with different bacteriophage types of Staphylococcus pyogenes,9 the most virulant strain reported to date being lysed by phages 42B/47C/44A/52/80/81.8 Control of epidemics has not been entirely satisfactory; the usual hygienic measures frequently fail to stop the spread of infection,10 and hexachlorophene bathing or erythromycin treatment1, 11,12 has been found necessary to arrest certain outbreaks. This References 1. Shaffer, T. E.; Baldwin, J. N.; Rheins, M. S., and Sylvester, R. F., Jr.: Staphylococcal Infections in Newborn Infants: I. Study of an Epidemic Among Infants and Nursing Mothers , Pediatrics 18:750, 1956. 2. Rountree, P. M., and Barbour, R. G. H.: Staphylococcus Pyogenes in Newborn Babies in a Maternity Hospital , M. J. Australia 1:525, 1950. 3. Colbeck, J. C.: Extensive Staphylococcal Infections in Maternity Units (Use of Bacteriophage Typing in Investigation and Control) , Canad. M. A. J. 61:557, 1949. 4. Webb, J. F.: Newborn Infections and Breast Abscesses of Staphylococcal Origin , Canad. M. A. J. 70:382, 1954. 5. Ravenholt, R. T., and LaVeck, G. D.: Staphylococcal Disease: An Obstetric, Pediatric, and Community Problem , Am. J. Pub. Health 46: 1287, 1956. 6. Wysham, D. N.; Mulhern, M. E.; Navarre, G. O.; LaVeck, G. D.; Kennan, A. L., and Giedt, W. R.: Staphylococcal Infection in an Obstetric Unit: I. Epidemic Studies of Pyoderma Neonatorum , New England J. Med. 257:295, 1957.Crossref 7. Edmunds, P. N.; Elias-Jones, T. F.; Forfar, J. O., and Balf, C. L.: Pathogenic Staphylococci in the Environment of the Newborn Infant , Brit. M. J. 1:990, 1955.Crossref 8. Shaffer, T. E.: Personal communication to the author. 9. Baldwin, J. N.; Rheins, M. S.; Sylvester, R. F., Jr., and Shaffer, T. E.: Staphylococcal Infections in Newborn Infants: III. Colonization of Newborn Infants by Staphylococcus Pyogenes , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 94:107, 1957.Crossref 10. Barber, M.; Hayhoe, F. G. J., and Whitehead, J. E. M.: Penicillin Resistant Staphylococcal Infection in a Maternity Hospital , Lancet 7:1120, 1949.Crossref 11. Hardyment, A. F.: Control of Infections in the Newborn , Canad. M. A. J. 70:379, 1954. 12. Forfar, J. O.; Maccabe, A. F.; Balf, C. L.; Wright, H. A., and Gould, J. C.: Staphylococcal Infection in the Newborn Treated with Erythromycin , Lancet 1:584, 1955.Crossref 13. Pennoyer, M. M., and Sullivan, M. P.: Skin Care of the Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 44:258, 1954.Crossref 14. Smith, R. T.: Epidemic Staphylococcal Gastroenteritis in a Newborn Nursery , A. M. A. J. Dis. Child. 92:45, 1956. 15. Duncan, J. T., and Walker, J.: Staphylococcus Aureus in Milk of Nursing Mothers and the Alimentary Canal of Their Infants: Report to The Medical Research Council , J. Hyg. 42:474, 1944.Crossref

Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children – American Medical Association

Published: May 1, 1958

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