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PSYCHIC FUNCTION AND THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM

PSYCHIC FUNCTION AND THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM Abstract THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM has not revealed the secret of nonorganic mental illness. In general, organic cerebral pathologic changes, including toxic changes, determine the presence of abnormality in the electroencephalogram. In the absence of such changes there is, a priori, no reason to expect abnormality of the electroencephalogram— and for the most part abnormality has not been found. Accordingly, a good deal of attention has been directed to the investigation of normal alterations in the electroencephalogram, such as changes in the alpha factor or in the amount of fast activity. It is the purpose of this paper critically to review the literature concerning variations in the electroencephalogram with normal psychic functioning. ALPHA ACTIVITY 1. Alpha Activity and Perception. —Alpha activity appears most prominently when the eyes of the subject are protected from light, and it promptly diminishes in amplitude and prevalence on exposure to light. The latency of this effect is given References 1. Jasper, H. H.; Cruikshank, R. M., and Howard, H.: Action Currents from the Occipital Region of the Brain in Man as Affected by Variables of Attention and External Stimulation , Psychol. Bull. 32:565, 1935. 2. Durup, G., and Fessard, A.: L'electrencephalogramme de l'homme: Données quantitatives sur l'arrêt provoqué par des stimuli visuels ou auditifs , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 122:756, 1936. 3. Jasper, H. H., and Cruikshank, R. M.: Variations in Blocking Time of Occipital Alpha Potentials in Man as Affected by the Intensity and Duration of Light Stimulation , Psychol. Bull. 33:770, 1936. 4. Cruikshank, R. M.: Human Occipital Brain Potentials as Affected by Intensity-Duration Variables of Visual Stimulation , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:625, 1937.Crossref 5. Jasper, H., and Cruikshank, R. M.: Electroencephalography: II. Visual Stimulation and the After-Image as Affecting the Occipital Alpha Rhythm , J. Gen. Psychol. 17:29, 1937.Crossref 6. Knott, J. R.: Some Effects of "Mental Set" on the Electrophysiological Processes of the Human Cerebral Cortex , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:384, 1939.Crossref 7. Travis, L. E.; Knott, J. R., and Griffith, P. E.: Effect of Response on the Latency and Frequency of the Berger Rhythm , J. Gen. Psychol. 16:391, 1937.Crossref 8. Travis, L. E., and Knott, J. R.: Brain Potential Studies of Perseveration: I. Perseveration Time to Light , J. Psychol. 3:97, 1937.Crossref 9. Travis, L. E., and Hall, M. E.: Effect of Visual After-Sensations upon Brain Potential Patterning Under Different Degrees of Attention , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:472, 1938.Crossref 10. Redlich, F. C.; Callahan, A., and Mendelson, R. H.: Electroencephalographic Changes After Eye Opening and Visual Stimulation , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 18:367, 1946. 11. Beritoff, J., and Vorobjev, A.: On the Origin of the Facilitating Action on Alpha Waves in Man, Caused by Closing the Eyes , Tr. J. Beritashvili Institute 5:369, 1943. 12. Jasper, H. H.: Cortical Excitatory State and Synchronism in the Control of Bioelectric Autonomous Rhythms , in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology , Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., New York, The Biological Laboratory, 1936, vol. 4, p. 320. 13. Bagchi, B. K.: The Adaptation and Variability of Responses of the Human Brain Rhythm , J. Psychol. 3:463, 1937. 14. Travis, L. E., and Egan, J. P.: Increase in Frequency of the Alpha Rhythm by Verbal Stimulation , J. Exper. Psychol. 23:384, 1938. 15. Bakes, F. P.: Effect of Response to Auditory Stimulation on the Latent Time of Blocking of the Berger Rhythm , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:406, 1939. 16. Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: Action Potentials of the Brain in Normal Persons and in Normal States of Cerebral Activity , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 36:1214 ( (Dec.) ) 1936. 17. Jasper, H., and Shagass, C.: Conditioning the Occipital Alpha Rhythm in Man , J. Exper. Psychol. 20:373, 1941. 18. Knott, J. R., and Henry, C. E.: The Conditioning of the Blocking of the Alpha Rhythm of the Human Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 28:134, 1941. 19. Jasper, H. H., and Andrews, H. L.: Electroencephalography: III. Normal Differentiation of Occipital and Precentral Regions in Man , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 39:96 ( (Jan.) ) 1938. 20. Travis, L. E., and Barber, V.: The Effect of Tactile Stimulation upon the Berger Rhythm , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:269, 1938. 21. Adrian, E. D., and Matthews, B. H. C.: The Berger Rhythm: Potential Changes from the Occipital Lobes in Man , Brain 57:355, 1934. 22. Toman, J. E. D.: The Electroencephalogram During Mental Effort , Federation Proc. 2:49, 1943. 23. Travis, L. E., and Knott, J. R.: Brain Potential Studies of Perseveration: Perseveration Time to Visually Presented Words , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:353, 1937.Crossref 24. Knott, J. R.: Brain Potentials During Silent and Oral Reading , J. Gen. Psychol. 18:57, 1938.Crossref 25. Williams, A. C.: Some Psychological Correlates of the Electroencephalogram , Arch. Psychol. 34:240, 1939. 26. Delay, J.: Les ondes cérébrales et la psychologie, Presses Universitaires de France , Paris, 1942. 27. Travis, L. E.: Brain Potentials and the Temporal Course of Consciousness , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:302, 1937.Crossref 28. Martinson, B. M.: A Study of Brain Potentials During Mental Blocking , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:143, 1939.Crossref 29. Oberman, C. E.: The Effect on the Berger Rhythm of Mild Affective States , J. Abnorm. & Social Psychol. 34:84, 1939. 30. Williams, A. C.: Facilitation of the Alpha Rhythm of the Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 26:413, 1940 31. footnote 25. 32. Strauss, H.: Clinical and Electroencephalographic Studies: The Electroencephalogram in Psychoneurotics , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 101:19, 1945. 33. Kennedy, J. L.; Gottsdanker, R. M.; Armington, J. C., and Gray, F. E.: A New Electroencephalogram Associated with Thinking , Science 108:527, 1948. 34. Hughes, J.; Strecker, E. A., and Appel, K. E.: Some Clinical and Physiological Aspects of the Brain Potentials , Am. J. Psychiat. 94:1179, 1938. 35. Hoagland, H.; Cameron, D. E., and Rubin, M. A.: Emotion in Man as Tested by the Delta Index of the Electroencephalogram: I. , J. Gen. Psychol. 19: 227, 1938. 36. Thiesen, J. W.: Effects of Certain Forms of Emotion on the Normal Electroencephalogram , Arch. Psychol. 40:285, 1943. 37. Grinker, R. R., and Serota, H.: Studies on Corticohypothalamic Relations in the Cat and Man , J. Neurophysiol. 1:573, 1938. 38. Hoagland, H.; Cameron, D. E.; Rubin, M. A., and Tegelberg, J. J.: Emotion in Man as Tested by the Delta Index of the Electroencephalogram: II. Simultaneous Records from Cortex and from a Region near the Hypothalamus , J. Gen. Psychol. 19:247, 1938. 39. Shagass, C.: An Attempt to Correlate the Occipital Alpha Frequency of the Electroencephalogram with Performance on a Mental Ability Test , J. Exper. Psychol. 36:88, 1946. 40. Knott, J. R.; Friedman, H., and Bardsley, R.: Some Electroencephalographic Correlates of Intelligence in Eight-Year- and Twelve-Year-Old Children , J. Exper. Psychol. 30:380, 1942. 41. Engel, G. L., and Romano, J.: Delirium: II. Reversibility of the Electroencephalogram with Experimental Procedures , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 51:378 ( (April) ) 1944. 42. Strauss, H.: Clinical and Electroencephalographic Studies , Am. J. Psychiat. 101:42, 1944. 43. Blake, H.: Brain Potentials and Depth of Sleep , Am. J. Physiol. 119:273, 1937. 44. Blake, H., and Gerard, R. W.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , Am. J. Physiol. 119:692, 1937. 45. Davis, H.; Davis, P. A.; Loomis, A. L., and Harvey, E. N.: Changes in Human Brain Potentials During the Onset of Sleep , Science 86:448, 1937.Crossref 46. Blake, H.; Gerard, R. W., and Kleitman, N.: Factors Influencing Brain Potentials During Sleep , J. Neurophysiol. 2:48, 1939. 47. Davis, H.: Davis, P. A.; Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G.: Human Brain Potentials During the Onset of Sleep , J. Neurophysiol. 1:24, 1938. 48. Liberson, W. T.: Problem of Sleep and Mental Disease , Digest Neurol. & Psychiat., Inst. of Living 12:93, 1944 49. Functional Electroencephalography in Mental Disorders , Dis. Nerv. System 5:1, 1945. 50. Brazier, M. A. B.: The Electrical Fields at the Surface of the Head During Sleep , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 1:195 ( (May) ) 1949. 51. Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G. A.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:127, 1937. 52. Dynes, J. B.: Objective Method for Distinguishing Sleep from the Hypnotic Trance , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 57:84 ( (Jan.) ) 1947. 53. Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G.: Brain Potentials During Hypnosis , Science 83:239, 1936. 54. Lundholm, H., and Löwenbach, H.: Hypnosis and the Alpha Activity of the Electroencephalogram , Character and Personality 11:145, 1942. 55. Lemere, F.: The Signifinance of Individual Differences in the Berger Rhythm , Brain 59:366, 1936. 56. Gottlober, A. B.: The Relationship Between Brain Potentials and Personality , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:67, 1938. 57. Henry, C. E., and Knott, J. R.: A Note on the Relationship Between "Personality" and the Alpha Rhythm of the Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 28:362, 1941. 58. Saul, L. J.; Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: Correlations Between Electroencephalograms and the Psychological Organization of the Individual , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 63:167, 1937 59. Psychological Correlations with the Electroencephalogram, presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the American Electroencephalographic Society, Atlantic City, N. J., June 11-13, 1949. 60. Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: The Electrical Activity of the Brain: Its Relation to Physiological States and to States of Impaired Consciousness , A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1937) 19:50, 1938. 61. Davis, P. A.: Development of Electroencephalography: Retrospect and Outlook , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 10:710, 1940. 62. Rubin, S., and Bowman, K. M.; Electroencephalographic and Personality Correlates in Peptic Ulcer , Psychosom. Med. 4:309, 1942. 63. Rubin, S., and Moses, L.: Electroencephalographic Studies in Asthma with Some Personality Correlates , Psychosom. Med. 6:31, 1944. 64. Moses, L.: Psychodynamic and Electroencephalographic Factors in Duodenal Ulcer , Psychosom. Med. 8:405, 1946. 65. Knott, J. R.; Henry, C. E., and Hadley, J. M.: Brain Potentials During Sleep: A Comparative Study of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Alpha Groups , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:157, 1939.Crossref 66. Henry, C. E.: Electroencephalographic Individual Differences and Their Constancy: I. During Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 29:117, 1941Crossref 67. II. During Waking , Henry J. Exper. Psychol. 29:236, 1941.Crossref 68. Gallagher, J. R.; Gibbs, E. L., and Gibbs, F. A.: Relation Between the Electrical Activity of the Cortex and the Personality in Adolescent Boys , Psychosom. Med. 4:134, 1942.Crossref 69. Rubin, M. A., and Cohen, L. H.: A Variability Study of the Normal and Schizophrenic Occipital Alpha Rhythm: II. The Electroencephalogram and Imagery Type , J. Ment. Sc. 85:779, 1939. 70. Golla, F.; Hutton, E. L., and Walter, W. G.: The Objective Study of Mental Imagery , J. Ment. Sc. 89:216, 1943. 71. Barnes, T. C., and Brieger, H.: Electroencephalographic Studies of Mental Fatigue , J. Psychol. 22:181, 1946.Crossref http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry American Medical Association

PSYCHIC FUNCTION AND THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM

OSTOW, MORTIMER
Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry , Volume 64 (3) – Sep 1, 1950
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References (76)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1950 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6754
DOI
10.1001/archneurpsyc.1950.02310270074004
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Abstract

Abstract THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM has not revealed the secret of nonorganic mental illness. In general, organic cerebral pathologic changes, including toxic changes, determine the presence of abnormality in the electroencephalogram. In the absence of such changes there is, a priori, no reason to expect abnormality of the electroencephalogram— and for the most part abnormality has not been found. Accordingly, a good deal of attention has been directed to the investigation of normal alterations in the electroencephalogram, such as changes in the alpha factor or in the amount of fast activity. It is the purpose of this paper critically to review the literature concerning variations in the electroencephalogram with normal psychic functioning. ALPHA ACTIVITY 1. Alpha Activity and Perception. —Alpha activity appears most prominently when the eyes of the subject are protected from light, and it promptly diminishes in amplitude and prevalence on exposure to light. The latency of this effect is given References 1. Jasper, H. H.; Cruikshank, R. M., and Howard, H.: Action Currents from the Occipital Region of the Brain in Man as Affected by Variables of Attention and External Stimulation , Psychol. Bull. 32:565, 1935. 2. Durup, G., and Fessard, A.: L'electrencephalogramme de l'homme: Données quantitatives sur l'arrêt provoqué par des stimuli visuels ou auditifs , Compt. rend. Soc. de biol. 122:756, 1936. 3. Jasper, H. H., and Cruikshank, R. M.: Variations in Blocking Time of Occipital Alpha Potentials in Man as Affected by the Intensity and Duration of Light Stimulation , Psychol. Bull. 33:770, 1936. 4. Cruikshank, R. M.: Human Occipital Brain Potentials as Affected by Intensity-Duration Variables of Visual Stimulation , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:625, 1937.Crossref 5. Jasper, H., and Cruikshank, R. M.: Electroencephalography: II. Visual Stimulation and the After-Image as Affecting the Occipital Alpha Rhythm , J. Gen. Psychol. 17:29, 1937.Crossref 6. Knott, J. R.: Some Effects of "Mental Set" on the Electrophysiological Processes of the Human Cerebral Cortex , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:384, 1939.Crossref 7. Travis, L. E.; Knott, J. R., and Griffith, P. E.: Effect of Response on the Latency and Frequency of the Berger Rhythm , J. Gen. Psychol. 16:391, 1937.Crossref 8. Travis, L. E., and Knott, J. R.: Brain Potential Studies of Perseveration: I. Perseveration Time to Light , J. Psychol. 3:97, 1937.Crossref 9. Travis, L. E., and Hall, M. E.: Effect of Visual After-Sensations upon Brain Potential Patterning Under Different Degrees of Attention , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:472, 1938.Crossref 10. Redlich, F. C.; Callahan, A., and Mendelson, R. H.: Electroencephalographic Changes After Eye Opening and Visual Stimulation , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 18:367, 1946. 11. Beritoff, J., and Vorobjev, A.: On the Origin of the Facilitating Action on Alpha Waves in Man, Caused by Closing the Eyes , Tr. J. Beritashvili Institute 5:369, 1943. 12. Jasper, H. H.: Cortical Excitatory State and Synchronism in the Control of Bioelectric Autonomous Rhythms , in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology , Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., New York, The Biological Laboratory, 1936, vol. 4, p. 320. 13. Bagchi, B. K.: The Adaptation and Variability of Responses of the Human Brain Rhythm , J. Psychol. 3:463, 1937. 14. Travis, L. E., and Egan, J. P.: Increase in Frequency of the Alpha Rhythm by Verbal Stimulation , J. Exper. Psychol. 23:384, 1938. 15. Bakes, F. P.: Effect of Response to Auditory Stimulation on the Latent Time of Blocking of the Berger Rhythm , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:406, 1939. 16. Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: Action Potentials of the Brain in Normal Persons and in Normal States of Cerebral Activity , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 36:1214 ( (Dec.) ) 1936. 17. Jasper, H., and Shagass, C.: Conditioning the Occipital Alpha Rhythm in Man , J. Exper. Psychol. 20:373, 1941. 18. Knott, J. R., and Henry, C. E.: The Conditioning of the Blocking of the Alpha Rhythm of the Human Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 28:134, 1941. 19. Jasper, H. H., and Andrews, H. L.: Electroencephalography: III. Normal Differentiation of Occipital and Precentral Regions in Man , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 39:96 ( (Jan.) ) 1938. 20. Travis, L. E., and Barber, V.: The Effect of Tactile Stimulation upon the Berger Rhythm , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:269, 1938. 21. Adrian, E. D., and Matthews, B. H. C.: The Berger Rhythm: Potential Changes from the Occipital Lobes in Man , Brain 57:355, 1934. 22. Toman, J. E. D.: The Electroencephalogram During Mental Effort , Federation Proc. 2:49, 1943. 23. Travis, L. E., and Knott, J. R.: Brain Potential Studies of Perseveration: Perseveration Time to Visually Presented Words , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:353, 1937.Crossref 24. Knott, J. R.: Brain Potentials During Silent and Oral Reading , J. Gen. Psychol. 18:57, 1938.Crossref 25. Williams, A. C.: Some Psychological Correlates of the Electroencephalogram , Arch. Psychol. 34:240, 1939. 26. Delay, J.: Les ondes cérébrales et la psychologie, Presses Universitaires de France , Paris, 1942. 27. Travis, L. E.: Brain Potentials and the Temporal Course of Consciousness , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:302, 1937.Crossref 28. Martinson, B. M.: A Study of Brain Potentials During Mental Blocking , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:143, 1939.Crossref 29. Oberman, C. E.: The Effect on the Berger Rhythm of Mild Affective States , J. Abnorm. & Social Psychol. 34:84, 1939. 30. Williams, A. C.: Facilitation of the Alpha Rhythm of the Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 26:413, 1940 31. footnote 25. 32. Strauss, H.: Clinical and Electroencephalographic Studies: The Electroencephalogram in Psychoneurotics , J. Nerv. & Ment. Dis. 101:19, 1945. 33. Kennedy, J. L.; Gottsdanker, R. M.; Armington, J. C., and Gray, F. E.: A New Electroencephalogram Associated with Thinking , Science 108:527, 1948. 34. Hughes, J.; Strecker, E. A., and Appel, K. E.: Some Clinical and Physiological Aspects of the Brain Potentials , Am. J. Psychiat. 94:1179, 1938. 35. Hoagland, H.; Cameron, D. E., and Rubin, M. A.: Emotion in Man as Tested by the Delta Index of the Electroencephalogram: I. , J. Gen. Psychol. 19: 227, 1938. 36. Thiesen, J. W.: Effects of Certain Forms of Emotion on the Normal Electroencephalogram , Arch. Psychol. 40:285, 1943. 37. Grinker, R. R., and Serota, H.: Studies on Corticohypothalamic Relations in the Cat and Man , J. Neurophysiol. 1:573, 1938. 38. Hoagland, H.; Cameron, D. E.; Rubin, M. A., and Tegelberg, J. J.: Emotion in Man as Tested by the Delta Index of the Electroencephalogram: II. Simultaneous Records from Cortex and from a Region near the Hypothalamus , J. Gen. Psychol. 19:247, 1938. 39. Shagass, C.: An Attempt to Correlate the Occipital Alpha Frequency of the Electroencephalogram with Performance on a Mental Ability Test , J. Exper. Psychol. 36:88, 1946. 40. Knott, J. R.; Friedman, H., and Bardsley, R.: Some Electroencephalographic Correlates of Intelligence in Eight-Year- and Twelve-Year-Old Children , J. Exper. Psychol. 30:380, 1942. 41. Engel, G. L., and Romano, J.: Delirium: II. Reversibility of the Electroencephalogram with Experimental Procedures , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 51:378 ( (April) ) 1944. 42. Strauss, H.: Clinical and Electroencephalographic Studies , Am. J. Psychiat. 101:42, 1944. 43. Blake, H.: Brain Potentials and Depth of Sleep , Am. J. Physiol. 119:273, 1937. 44. Blake, H., and Gerard, R. W.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , Am. J. Physiol. 119:692, 1937. 45. Davis, H.; Davis, P. A.; Loomis, A. L., and Harvey, E. N.: Changes in Human Brain Potentials During the Onset of Sleep , Science 86:448, 1937.Crossref 46. Blake, H.; Gerard, R. W., and Kleitman, N.: Factors Influencing Brain Potentials During Sleep , J. Neurophysiol. 2:48, 1939. 47. Davis, H.: Davis, P. A.; Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G.: Human Brain Potentials During the Onset of Sleep , J. Neurophysiol. 1:24, 1938. 48. Liberson, W. T.: Problem of Sleep and Mental Disease , Digest Neurol. & Psychiat., Inst. of Living 12:93, 1944 49. Functional Electroencephalography in Mental Disorders , Dis. Nerv. System 5:1, 1945. 50. Brazier, M. A. B.: The Electrical Fields at the Surface of the Head During Sleep , Electroencephalog. & Clin. Neurophysiol. 1:195 ( (May) ) 1949. 51. Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G. A.: Brain Potentials During Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 21:127, 1937. 52. Dynes, J. B.: Objective Method for Distinguishing Sleep from the Hypnotic Trance , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 57:84 ( (Jan.) ) 1947. 53. Loomis, A. L.; Harvey, E. N., and Hobart, G.: Brain Potentials During Hypnosis , Science 83:239, 1936. 54. Lundholm, H., and Löwenbach, H.: Hypnosis and the Alpha Activity of the Electroencephalogram , Character and Personality 11:145, 1942. 55. Lemere, F.: The Signifinance of Individual Differences in the Berger Rhythm , Brain 59:366, 1936. 56. Gottlober, A. B.: The Relationship Between Brain Potentials and Personality , J. Exper. Psychol. 22:67, 1938. 57. Henry, C. E., and Knott, J. R.: A Note on the Relationship Between "Personality" and the Alpha Rhythm of the Electroencephalogram , J. Exper. Psychol. 28:362, 1941. 58. Saul, L. J.; Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: Correlations Between Electroencephalograms and the Psychological Organization of the Individual , Tr. Am. Neurol. A. 63:167, 1937 59. Psychological Correlations with the Electroencephalogram, presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the American Electroencephalographic Society, Atlantic City, N. J., June 11-13, 1949. 60. Davis, H., and Davis, P. A.: The Electrical Activity of the Brain: Its Relation to Physiological States and to States of Impaired Consciousness , A. Research Nerv. & Ment. Dis., Proc. (1937) 19:50, 1938. 61. Davis, P. A.: Development of Electroencephalography: Retrospect and Outlook , Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 10:710, 1940. 62. Rubin, S., and Bowman, K. M.; Electroencephalographic and Personality Correlates in Peptic Ulcer , Psychosom. Med. 4:309, 1942. 63. Rubin, S., and Moses, L.: Electroencephalographic Studies in Asthma with Some Personality Correlates , Psychosom. Med. 6:31, 1944. 64. Moses, L.: Psychodynamic and Electroencephalographic Factors in Duodenal Ulcer , Psychosom. Med. 8:405, 1946. 65. Knott, J. R.; Henry, C. E., and Hadley, J. M.: Brain Potentials During Sleep: A Comparative Study of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Alpha Groups , J. Exper. Psychol. 24:157, 1939.Crossref 66. Henry, C. E.: Electroencephalographic Individual Differences and Their Constancy: I. During Sleep , J. Exper. Psychol. 29:117, 1941Crossref 67. II. During Waking , Henry J. Exper. Psychol. 29:236, 1941.Crossref 68. Gallagher, J. R.; Gibbs, E. L., and Gibbs, F. A.: Relation Between the Electrical Activity of the Cortex and the Personality in Adolescent Boys , Psychosom. Med. 4:134, 1942.Crossref 69. Rubin, M. A., and Cohen, L. H.: A Variability Study of the Normal and Schizophrenic Occipital Alpha Rhythm: II. The Electroencephalogram and Imagery Type , J. Ment. Sc. 85:779, 1939. 70. Golla, F.; Hutton, E. L., and Walter, W. G.: The Objective Study of Mental Imagery , J. Ment. Sc. 89:216, 1943. 71. Barnes, T. C., and Brieger, H.: Electroencephalographic Studies of Mental Fatigue , J. Psychol. 22:181, 1946.Crossref

Journal

Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry – American Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1950

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