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II. Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency

II. Effects of Vitamin D Deficiency Abstract Introduction The present report deals with the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the dynamics of chemical growth and composition during the first 75 days of. life in the immature male Wistar rat. In the normal animal this early period of life is characterized by specific changes in chemical composition of bone, and these changes have been correlated with chemical growth and turnover and linear growth in other publications in this series.*Many studies have been reported which deal with the effects of vitamin D deficiency on somatic and skeletal growth,† skeletal morphology and maturation,‡ and on chemical composition and turnover of bone.§The following studies were undertaken to correlate chemical growth and turnover of the entire skeleton with serial changes in the chemical composition and linear growth of long bones in animals maintained on vitamin D-deficient and normal diets. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were used throughout this References 1. Pickering, D. E.; Foran, R. F.; Scott, K. G., and Crane, J. T.: Chemical Growth Dynamics of the Skeleton in the Immature Rat: I. Normal Chemical Composition and Growth, A.M.A. J. Dis. Child., to be published. 2. Pickering, D. E.; Lusted, L. B.; Foran, R. F., and Crane, J. T.: Chemical Growth Dynamics of the Skeleton in the Immature Rat: III. Correlation of Growth and Morphology of Long Bones with Chemical Growth in Normal and Vitamin D-Deficient Animals, A.M.A. J. Dis. Child., to be published. 3. Bethke, R. M.; Kick, C. H., and Wilder, W.: The Effect of the Calcium-Phosphorus Relationship on Growth, Calcification and Blood Composition of the Rat , J. Biol. Chem. 98:389-403, 1932. 4. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: IV. The Relation of Rickets to Growth, with Special Reference to Bones , Am. J. Path. 19:169-185, 1943. 5. Bills, C. E.: Physiology of the Sterols, Including Vitamin D. , Physiol. Rev. 15:1-97, 1935. 6. McCollum, E. V.; Simmonds, N.; Parsons, H. T.; Shipley, P. G., and Park, E. A.: Studies on Experimental Rickets: I. The Production of Rachitis and Similar Diseases in the Rat by Deficient Diets , J. Biol. Chem. 45:333-342, 1921. 7. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: I. Structural Modifications of the Epiphyseal Cartilages in the Tibia and Other Bones , Am. J. Anat. 55:135-166, 1934.Crossref 8. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: II. The Healing Process in the Head of the Tibia and Other Bones , Am. J. Path. 14:273-296, 1938. 9. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: III. The Behavior and Fate of the Cartilage Remnants in the Rachitic Metaphysis , Am. J. Path. 15:723-740, 1939. 10. Park, E. A.: Observations on the Pathology of Rickets with Particular Reference to the Changes at the Cartilage-Shaft Junctions of the Growing Bones , Harvey Lectures 34:157-213, 1939. 11. Shelling, D. H.; Asher, D. E., and Jackson, D. A.: Calcium and Phosphorus Studies: VII. The Effects of Variations in Dosage of Parathormone and of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Diet on the Concentrations of Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorus in the Serum and on the Histology and Chemical Composition of the Bones of Rats , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp . 53:348-389, 1933. 12. Nicolaysen, R., and Jansen, J.: Vitamin D and Bone Formation in Rats , Acta pædiat . 23: 405-433, 1939.Crossref 13. Cohn, W. E., and Greenberg, D. M.: Studies in Mineral Metabolism with the Aid of Artificial Radioactive Isotopes: III. The Influence of Vitamin D on Phosphorus Metabolism of Rachitic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 130:625-634, 1939. 14. Greenberg, D. M.: Studies in Mineral Metabolism with the Aid of Artificial Radioactive Isotopes. VIII. Tracer Experiments with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium on the Mechanism of Vitamin D Action in Rachitic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 157:99-104, 1945. 15. Sobel, A. E.; Rockenmacher, M., and Kramer, B.: Carbonate Content of Bone in Relation to the Composition of Blood and Diet , J. Biol. Chem. 158:475-489, 1945. 16. Copp, D. H.; Hamilton, J. G.; Jones, D. C.; Thompson, D. M., and Cramer, C.: The Effect of Age and Low Phosphorus Rickets on Calcification and the Deposition of Certain Radioactive Metals in Bone, Conf. on Metabolic Interrelations , Tr. 3rd Conf. 3:226-258, 1951. 17. Carlsson, A.: Tracer Experiments on the Effect of Vitamin D on the Skeletal Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus , Acta physiol. scandinav. 26:212-220, 1952.Crossref 18. Nicolaysen, R.: Studies upon the Mode of Action of Vitamin D: II. The Influence of Vitamin D on the Faecal Output of Endogenous Calcium and Phosphorus in the Rat , Biochem. J. 31:107-121, 1937. 19. Nicolaysen, R.: A Note on the Calcium and Phosphorus Requirement of Rachitic Rats , Biochem. J. 31:105-106, 1937. 20. Bauer, G. C. H.: The Importance of Bone Growth as a Factor in the Redistribution of Bone Salt: I. Redistribution of Radio-Active Calcium in the Skeleton of Rats , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 36A:375-380, 1954. 21. Bauer, G. C. H.: The Importance of Bone Growth as a Factor in the Redistribution of Bone Salt: II. Redistribution of Radio-Active Phosphorus in the Skeleton of Rats , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 36A:381-386, 1954. 22. Hammett, F. S.: A Biochemical Study of Bone Growth: III. Changes in the Composition of the Ash During Growth , J. Biol. Chem. 64: 693-696, 1925. 23. Carlsson, A.: On the Mechanism of the Skeletal Turnover of Lime Salts , Acta physiol. scandinav. 26:200-211, 1952.Crossref 24. Singer, L., and Armstrong, W. D.: Retention and Turnover of Radiocalcium by the Skeleton of Large Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 76:229-233, 1951. 25. Pecher, C.: Biological Investigations with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 46:86-91, 1941. 26. Leblond, C. P.; Wilkinson, G. W.; Belanger, L. F., and Robichon, J.: Radio-Autographic Visualization of Bone Formation in the Rat , Am. J. Anat. 86:289-341, 1950. 27. Jones, J. H., and Cohn, B. N. E.: The Healing of Rickets in Rats on a Diet Containing Negligible Amounts of Calcium and Vitamin D , J. Nutrition 11:293-302, 1936. 28. Karelitz, S., and Shohl, A. T.: Rickets in Rats: II. The Effect of Phosphate Added to the Diet of Ricketic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 73:665-677, 1927. 29. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: IV. The Effect of Varying the Acid-Base Content of the Diet , J. Biol. Chem. 78:181-190, 1928. 30. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: VI. Effect of Phosphate Added to the Diet of Non-Ricketic Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 25:669-671, 1928. 31. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: VII. Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus of Rats Fed upon Non-Ricketogenic Diets , J. Biol. Chem. 79:257-267, 1928. 32. Shohl, A. T., and Wolbach, S. B.: Rickets in Rats: XV. The Effect of Low Calcium-High Phosphorus Diets at Various Levels and Ratios upon the Production of Rickets and Tetany , J. Nutrition 11:275-291, 1936. 33. Lindquist, B.: Effect of Vitamin D on the Metabolism of Radiocalcium in Rachitic Rats , Acta pædiat. 41:1-82, 1952. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

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References (33)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1956 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060030278006
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Introduction The present report deals with the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the dynamics of chemical growth and composition during the first 75 days of. life in the immature male Wistar rat. In the normal animal this early period of life is characterized by specific changes in chemical composition of bone, and these changes have been correlated with chemical growth and turnover and linear growth in other publications in this series.*Many studies have been reported which deal with the effects of vitamin D deficiency on somatic and skeletal growth,† skeletal morphology and maturation,‡ and on chemical composition and turnover of bone.§The following studies were undertaken to correlate chemical growth and turnover of the entire skeleton with serial changes in the chemical composition and linear growth of long bones in animals maintained on vitamin D-deficient and normal diets. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats were used throughout this References 1. Pickering, D. E.; Foran, R. F.; Scott, K. G., and Crane, J. T.: Chemical Growth Dynamics of the Skeleton in the Immature Rat: I. Normal Chemical Composition and Growth, A.M.A. J. Dis. Child., to be published. 2. Pickering, D. E.; Lusted, L. B.; Foran, R. F., and Crane, J. T.: Chemical Growth Dynamics of the Skeleton in the Immature Rat: III. Correlation of Growth and Morphology of Long Bones with Chemical Growth in Normal and Vitamin D-Deficient Animals, A.M.A. J. Dis. Child., to be published. 3. Bethke, R. M.; Kick, C. H., and Wilder, W.: The Effect of the Calcium-Phosphorus Relationship on Growth, Calcification and Blood Composition of the Rat , J. Biol. Chem. 98:389-403, 1932. 4. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: IV. The Relation of Rickets to Growth, with Special Reference to Bones , Am. J. Path. 19:169-185, 1943. 5. Bills, C. E.: Physiology of the Sterols, Including Vitamin D. , Physiol. Rev. 15:1-97, 1935. 6. McCollum, E. V.; Simmonds, N.; Parsons, H. T.; Shipley, P. G., and Park, E. A.: Studies on Experimental Rickets: I. The Production of Rachitis and Similar Diseases in the Rat by Deficient Diets , J. Biol. Chem. 45:333-342, 1921. 7. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: I. Structural Modifications of the Epiphyseal Cartilages in the Tibia and Other Bones , Am. J. Anat. 55:135-166, 1934.Crossref 8. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: II. The Healing Process in the Head of the Tibia and Other Bones , Am. J. Path. 14:273-296, 1938. 9. Dodds, G. S., and Cameron, H. C.: Studies on Experimental Rickets in Rats: III. The Behavior and Fate of the Cartilage Remnants in the Rachitic Metaphysis , Am. J. Path. 15:723-740, 1939. 10. Park, E. A.: Observations on the Pathology of Rickets with Particular Reference to the Changes at the Cartilage-Shaft Junctions of the Growing Bones , Harvey Lectures 34:157-213, 1939. 11. Shelling, D. H.; Asher, D. E., and Jackson, D. A.: Calcium and Phosphorus Studies: VII. The Effects of Variations in Dosage of Parathormone and of Calcium and Phosphorus in the Diet on the Concentrations of Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorus in the Serum and on the Histology and Chemical Composition of the Bones of Rats , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp . 53:348-389, 1933. 12. Nicolaysen, R., and Jansen, J.: Vitamin D and Bone Formation in Rats , Acta pædiat . 23: 405-433, 1939.Crossref 13. Cohn, W. E., and Greenberg, D. M.: Studies in Mineral Metabolism with the Aid of Artificial Radioactive Isotopes: III. The Influence of Vitamin D on Phosphorus Metabolism of Rachitic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 130:625-634, 1939. 14. Greenberg, D. M.: Studies in Mineral Metabolism with the Aid of Artificial Radioactive Isotopes. VIII. Tracer Experiments with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium on the Mechanism of Vitamin D Action in Rachitic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 157:99-104, 1945. 15. Sobel, A. E.; Rockenmacher, M., and Kramer, B.: Carbonate Content of Bone in Relation to the Composition of Blood and Diet , J. Biol. Chem. 158:475-489, 1945. 16. Copp, D. H.; Hamilton, J. G.; Jones, D. C.; Thompson, D. M., and Cramer, C.: The Effect of Age and Low Phosphorus Rickets on Calcification and the Deposition of Certain Radioactive Metals in Bone, Conf. on Metabolic Interrelations , Tr. 3rd Conf. 3:226-258, 1951. 17. Carlsson, A.: Tracer Experiments on the Effect of Vitamin D on the Skeletal Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus , Acta physiol. scandinav. 26:212-220, 1952.Crossref 18. Nicolaysen, R.: Studies upon the Mode of Action of Vitamin D: II. The Influence of Vitamin D on the Faecal Output of Endogenous Calcium and Phosphorus in the Rat , Biochem. J. 31:107-121, 1937. 19. Nicolaysen, R.: A Note on the Calcium and Phosphorus Requirement of Rachitic Rats , Biochem. J. 31:105-106, 1937. 20. Bauer, G. C. H.: The Importance of Bone Growth as a Factor in the Redistribution of Bone Salt: I. Redistribution of Radio-Active Calcium in the Skeleton of Rats , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 36A:375-380, 1954. 21. Bauer, G. C. H.: The Importance of Bone Growth as a Factor in the Redistribution of Bone Salt: II. Redistribution of Radio-Active Phosphorus in the Skeleton of Rats , J. Bone & Joint Surg. 36A:381-386, 1954. 22. Hammett, F. S.: A Biochemical Study of Bone Growth: III. Changes in the Composition of the Ash During Growth , J. Biol. Chem. 64: 693-696, 1925. 23. Carlsson, A.: On the Mechanism of the Skeletal Turnover of Lime Salts , Acta physiol. scandinav. 26:200-211, 1952.Crossref 24. Singer, L., and Armstrong, W. D.: Retention and Turnover of Radiocalcium by the Skeleton of Large Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 76:229-233, 1951. 25. Pecher, C.: Biological Investigations with Radioactive Calcium and Strontium , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 46:86-91, 1941. 26. Leblond, C. P.; Wilkinson, G. W.; Belanger, L. F., and Robichon, J.: Radio-Autographic Visualization of Bone Formation in the Rat , Am. J. Anat. 86:289-341, 1950. 27. Jones, J. H., and Cohn, B. N. E.: The Healing of Rickets in Rats on a Diet Containing Negligible Amounts of Calcium and Vitamin D , J. Nutrition 11:293-302, 1936. 28. Karelitz, S., and Shohl, A. T.: Rickets in Rats: II. The Effect of Phosphate Added to the Diet of Ricketic Rats , J. Biol. Chem. 73:665-677, 1927. 29. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: IV. The Effect of Varying the Acid-Base Content of the Diet , J. Biol. Chem. 78:181-190, 1928. 30. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: VI. Effect of Phosphate Added to the Diet of Non-Ricketic Rats , Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 25:669-671, 1928. 31. Shohl, A. T.; Bennett, H. B., and Weed, K. L.: Rickets in Rats: VII. Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus of Rats Fed upon Non-Ricketogenic Diets , J. Biol. Chem. 79:257-267, 1928. 32. Shohl, A. T., and Wolbach, S. B.: Rickets in Rats: XV. The Effect of Low Calcium-High Phosphorus Diets at Various Levels and Ratios upon the Production of Rickets and Tetany , J. Nutrition 11:275-291, 1936. 33. Lindquist, B.: Effect of Vitamin D on the Metabolism of Radiocalcium in Rachitic Rats , Acta pædiat. 41:1-82, 1952.

Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1956

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