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CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: A Case Report with... Abstract THE ASSOCIATION of adrenal tumors with the clinical picture now identified as Cushing's syndrome was first observed by Cooke * in 1756. Cushing,2 in 1932, collected 12 similar cases and concluded that pituitary basophilism was the underlying lesion. Cushing's original concept has been modified as a result of subsequent investigations.† In the pediatric age group Cushing's syndrome is most frequently caused by malignant adrenal tumors. Basophilic adenomas of the pituitary, while rare, have been reported in children in the absence of adrenal pathology.‡ The only case of Cushing's syndrome in a child caused by adrenal hyperplasia was described by Chute and his colleagues14 and occurred in a girl 8 years of age. Albright and Forbes § believe that all cases of Cushing's syndrome in infancy are caused by malignant adrenal tumors. Recently, however, Powell15 has observed an infant, age 3 months, with Cushing's syndrome who was found at References 1. Hicks, J. B.: Adenoma of the Adrenal Cortex with Report of a Case , New England J. Med. 199:1140, 1928.Crossref 2. Cushing, H.: The Basophil Adenomas of the Pituitary Body and Their Clinical Manifestations (Pituitary Basophilism) , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 50:137, 1932. 3. Cooke, A. C.: A Change in the Basophil Cells of the Pituitary Gland Common to Conditions Which Exhibit the Syndrome Attributed to Basophil Adenoma , J. Path. & Bact. 41:339, 1935. 4. Albright, F.: The Harvey Lectures, Series 38, Lancaster , Pa., The Science Press, 1943-1944. 5. Heinbecker, P.: The Pathogenesis of Cushing's Syndrome , Medicine 23:225, 1944. 6. Kepler, E. J.: The Relationship of "Crooke's Changes" in the Basophilic Cells of the Anterior Pituitary Body to Cushing's Syndrome (Pituitary Basophilism) , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 5:70, 1945. 7. Soffer, L. J.: Diseases of the Adrenals , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1946. 8. Soffer, L. J.: Clinical and Experimental Studies on Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 24:32, 1948. 9. Bauer, T., and Wassing, H.: Zur Frage der Adipositas hypophysaria (Basophiles Adenoma der Hypophyse) , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 26:1236, 1913. 10. Bishop, P. M. F., and Close, M. B.: A Case of Basophile Adenoma of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary: "Cushing's Syndrome," Guy's Hosp. Rep. 82:143, 1932. 11. Wright, C. A., and Courville, C.: Pituitary Basophilism: A Discussion of Additional Factors in Relation to 4 Cases , M. Rec. 141:191, 1935. 12. Freyberg, R. H.; Barker, P. S.; Newburg, L. H., and Coller, F. A.: Pituitary Basophilism (Cushing's Syndrome): Report of a Verified Case with a Discussion of the Differential Diagnosis and Treatment , Arch. Int. Med. 58:187, 1936. 13. Shoykhet, A. I., and Palchewsky, E. I.: Cushing's Syndrome , Klin. med. 15:1113, 1937. 14. Chute, A. L.; Robinson, G. C., and Donahue, W. L.: Cushing's Syndrome in Children , J. Pediat. 34:20, 1949. 15. Powell, L. W. Jr.; Newman, S., and Hooker, J. W.: Cushing's Syndrome: Report of a Case in an Infant 12 Weeks Old , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 90:417, 1955. 16. Russell, D.: Histological Technique for Intracranial Tumors , London, Oxford University Press, 1939, p. 39. 17. Bullock, W., and Sequeira, J. H.: On the Relation of the Suprarenal Capsules to the Sexual Organs , Tr. Path. Soc. London 56:189, 1905. 18. Kennedy, C. M., and Lister, W. A.: Case of Suprarenal Hypernephroma , Lancet 2:749, 1927. 19. Schweizer, F.; Senet, O., and Llambías, A.: Un caso de hirsutismo , Arch. argent. de pediat. 1:550, 1930. 20. Van der Bogert, F.: Virilism and Hypertension in Infancy Associated with Adrenal Tumor , J. Pediat. 3:629, 1933. 21. Little, A. A.: Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex , J. Pediat. 9:62, 1936. 22. Rasmussen, A. T.: The Relation of the Basophilic Cells of the Human Hypophysis to Blood Pressure , Endocrinology 20:673, 1936. 23. Crooke, A. C., and Callow, R. K.: Differential Diagnosis of Forms of Basophilism (Cushing's Syndrome), Particularly by Estimation of Urinary Androgens , Quart. J. Med. 8:233, 1939. 24. Gross, R. E.: Neoplasms Producing Endocrine Disturbance in Childhood , Am. J. Dis. Child. 59:579, 1940. 25. Farber, J. E.; Gustina, F. J., and Postoloff, A. V.: Cushing's Syndrome in Children: Review of the Literature and Report of a Case , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:593, 1943.Crossref 26. Glanzmann, E.: Interrenale Syndrome im Kindesalter , Ann. Pædiat. 171:335, 1948. 27. Walters, W., and Sprague, R. G.: Hyperfunctioning Tumors of the Adrenal Cortex: Study of 9 Cases , J. A. M. A. 141:653, 1949.Crossref 28. Forbes, A. P., and Albright, F.: Comparison of 17-Ketosteroid Excretion in Cushing's Syndrome Associated with Adrenal Tumors and with Adrenal Hyperplasia , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 11:926, 1951.Crossref 29. Wilkins, L.: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1950. 30. Garrett, R. A.: Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma in Children , J. Urol. 66:477, 1951. 31. Talbot, N. B.; Sobel, E. H.; McArthur, J. W., and Crawford, J. D.: Functional Endocrinology from Birth Through Adolescence , Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952, pp. 236, 239. 32. Harrison, R. J., and Abelson, D.: Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex with Endocrine Manifestations: Report of a Case , Brit. Med. J. 1:303, 1952.Crossref 33. Picard, R.; Horeau, J.; Kerneis, J.; Hardy, M.; Guinot, U., and Ranger, J.: Tumeur cortico-surrénale chez un garçon de 14 ans avec hyperfolliculinisme: Confrontations cliniques et biologiques, Bull. et mém . Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 68: 72, 1952. 34. Wilkins, L., and Ravitch, M. M.: Adrenocortical Tumor Arising in the Liver of a 3 Year Old Boy with Signs of Virilism and Cushing's Syndrome: Report of a Case with Cure After Partial Resection of Right Lobe of Liver , Pediatrics 9:671, 1952. 35. Davies, D. M.: Cushing's Syndrome in a Child of 2½ Years , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 46: 307, 1953. 36. Grob, M.; Prader, A., and Zollinger, H. U.: Klassisches Cushing-Syndrom bei einem 4 jährigen Madchen: Heilung nach Entfernung eines Nebennierenkarzinoms , Helvet, paediat. Acta 8:202, 1953. 37. Falk, W.: Klinsche Beiträge zum Cushing Syndrom im Kindesalter , Helvet. paediat. Acta 8:216, 1953. 38. Févre, M. J.; See G. Hebert, S., and Watche, M. J.: Syndrome d'Apert-Cushing par tumeur maligne surrénale avec absence de la glande surrénale opposée , Semaine hôp. Paris 31:282, 1955. 39. Linser: Über Beziehungen zwischen Nebennieren and Körperswachsthum besonders Riesenwuchs , Beitr. klin. Chir. 36:282, 1903. 40. Ogle, J. W.: Unusually Large Mass of Carcinomatous Deposit in One of the Suprarenal Capsules of a Child , Tr. Path. Soc. London 16: 250, 1864-1868. 41. Pitman: General Melasma and Short Hair over the Entire Body of a Child of 3 Years with Conversion of the Left Suprarenal Capsule into a Large Malignant Tumor, the External Organs of Generation, Resembling Those of Adult Life , Lancet 1:175, 1865.Crossref 42. Weisse, K.: Ein Cushing-Syndrom bei einem 20 Monate alten Mädchen , Ztschr. Kinderh. 65:9, 1947.Crossref 43. Allibone, E. C.; Baar, H. S., and Cant, W. H. P.: The Interrenal Syndrome in Childhood , Arch. Dis. Childhood 22:210, 147.Crossref 44. Fox, T. C.: Case of Primary Sarcoma of the Left Suprarenal Capsule with Extensive Thrombosis of the Vena Cava Inferior in a Child , Tr. Path. Soc. London 36:460, 1884-1885. 45. Birrell, J. A.: Suprarenal Virilism , Bristol Med.-Chir. J. 49:119, 1932. 46. Neurath, R.: Vorzeitige Geschlechtsentwicklung (Menstruatio praecox) , Wien. Med. Wchnschr. 59:1301, 1909. 47. Richards, O.: Growth of the Kidney and Adrenals , Guy's Hosp. Rep. 59:217, 1905. 48. Lundh, G.: Case of Hypernephroma Malignum with Virilism in a Girl of 3½ Years , Acta. Pediat. 9:118, 1929.Crossref 49. Kis-Varday, G.: Durch Adrenosympathikoblastom hervorgerufenes Cushing-Syndrom , Fortschr. Geb. Röntgenstrahlen 82:610, 1955.Crossref 50. Eik-Nes, K.; Sandberg, A. A.; Nelson, D. H.; Tyler, F. H., and Samuels, L. T.: Changes in Plasma Levels of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids During Intravenous Administration of ACTH: Test of Adrenocortical Capacity in Human , J. Clin. Invest. 33:1502, 1954.Crossref 51. Jenkins, D.; Forsham, P. H.; Laidlaw, J. C.; Reddy, W. J., and Thorn, G. W.: Use of ACTH in Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency , Am. J. Med. 18:3, 1955.Crossref 52. Bartter, F. C.; Albright, F.; Forbes, A. P.; Linf, A.; Dempsey, E., and Carroll, E.: Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisone in Adrenogenital Syndrome Associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Attempt to Explain and Correct Its Disordered Hormonal Pattern , J. Clin. Invest. 30:237, 1951.Crossref 53. Wilkins, L.: Diagnosis of Adrenogenital Syndrome and Its Treatment with Cortisone , J. Pediat. 41:860, 1952.Crossref 54. Jailer, J. W.; Gold, J. J., and Wallace, E. Z.: Evaluation of Cortisone Test as Diagnostic Aid in Differentiating Adrenal Hyperplasia from Adrenal Neoplasia , Am. J. Med. 16:340, 1954.Crossref 55. Grumbach, M. M.; Bongiovanni, A. M.; Eberlein, W. R.; Van Wyk, J. J., and Wilkins, L.: Cushing's Syndrome with Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Study of the Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids and the Response to ACTH , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 96:116, 1955. 56. Laidlaw, J. C.; Reddy, W. J.; Jenkins, D.; Haydar, N. A.; Renold, A. E., and Thorn, G. W.: Advances in the Diagnosis of Altered States of Adrenocortical Function , New England J. Med. 253:747, 1955.Crossref 57. Lindsay, A. E.; Migeon, C. J.; Nugent, C. A., and Brown, H.: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma and Urinary 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid Determinations in Cushing's Syndrome , Am. J. Med. 20:15, 1956.Crossref 58. Burnett, R.; Rukes, M.; Kolb, F., and Forsham, P. H.: Functional Diagnosis of Different States of Adrenocortical Hyperactivity; abstracted , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 14:775, 1954. 59. Talbot, N. B.; Butler, A. M., and MacLachlan, E. A.: Alpha and Beta Neutral Ketosteroids (Androgens) , New England J. Med. 223: 369, 1940.Crossref 60. Crooke, A. C.: A Change in the Basophil Cells of the Pituitary Gland Common to Conditions Which Exhibit the Syndrome Attributed to Basophil Adenoma , J. Path. & Bact. 41:339, 1935. 61. Eisenhardt, L., and Thompson, K. W.: A Brief Consideration of the Present Status of So-Called Pituitary Basophilism: With a Tabulation of Verified Cases , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 11:507, 1939. 62. Heinbecker, P., and Pfeiffenberger, M., Jr.: Further Clinical and Experimental Studies in Pathogenesis of Cushing's Syndrome , Am. J. Med. 9:3, 1950. 63. Dubreuil, G., and Anderodias, J.: Ilôts de Langerhans géants chez un nouveauné: Issue de mère glycosurique , Comp. rend. Soc. de biol. Paris 83:1490, 1920. 64. Miller, H. C., and Wilson, H. M.: Macrosomia, Cardiac Hypertrophy, Erythroblastosis and Hyperplasia of the Islets of Langerhans in Infants Born to Diabetic Mothers , J. Pediat. 23: 251, 1943. 65. Miller, H. C.: Effect of Diabetic and Prediabetic Pregnancies on the Fetus and Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 29:455, 1946. 66. Miller, H. C.: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Newborn Infants of Prediabetic Mothers , Am. J. M. Sc. 209: 447, 1945.Crossref 67. Liebegott, G.: Zur Pathogenese des Hydrops congenitus , Beitr. path. Anat. 101:319, 1938. 68. Schretter, G., and Nevinny, H.: Zur Histopathologie der Zuckerkrankheit bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen , Arch. Gynäk. 143:465, 1930.Crossref 69. Bauer, J. T., and Royster, H. A.: Hypoglycemia, Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia of the Islands of Langerhans in Newborn Infants Following Maternal Diabetes: Report of a Case Associated with Tetany and Review of Literature , Bull. Ayer Clin. Lab. Pennsylvania Hosp. 3:109, 1937. 70. Okkels, H., and Brandstup, E.: Studies on Thyroid Gland; Pancreas; Hypophysis and Thyroid in Children of Diabetic Mothers , Acta. path. et microbiol. scandinav. 15:268, 1938.Crossref 71. Smyth, F. S., and Olney, M. B.: Diabetes and Pregnancy: Observations on Offspring and Pathologic Report , J. Pediat. 13:772, 1938.Crossref 72. Benner, M. C.: Stimulation of Gonads Associated with Hyperinsulinism in Infant , Arch. Path. 32:818, 1941. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

CUSHING'S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN ASSOCIATED WITH ADRENAL CORTICAL CARCINOMA: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

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References (80)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1956 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1956.02060030291008
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract THE ASSOCIATION of adrenal tumors with the clinical picture now identified as Cushing's syndrome was first observed by Cooke * in 1756. Cushing,2 in 1932, collected 12 similar cases and concluded that pituitary basophilism was the underlying lesion. Cushing's original concept has been modified as a result of subsequent investigations.† In the pediatric age group Cushing's syndrome is most frequently caused by malignant adrenal tumors. Basophilic adenomas of the pituitary, while rare, have been reported in children in the absence of adrenal pathology.‡ The only case of Cushing's syndrome in a child caused by adrenal hyperplasia was described by Chute and his colleagues14 and occurred in a girl 8 years of age. Albright and Forbes § believe that all cases of Cushing's syndrome in infancy are caused by malignant adrenal tumors. Recently, however, Powell15 has observed an infant, age 3 months, with Cushing's syndrome who was found at References 1. Hicks, J. B.: Adenoma of the Adrenal Cortex with Report of a Case , New England J. Med. 199:1140, 1928.Crossref 2. Cushing, H.: The Basophil Adenomas of the Pituitary Body and Their Clinical Manifestations (Pituitary Basophilism) , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 50:137, 1932. 3. Cooke, A. C.: A Change in the Basophil Cells of the Pituitary Gland Common to Conditions Which Exhibit the Syndrome Attributed to Basophil Adenoma , J. Path. & Bact. 41:339, 1935. 4. Albright, F.: The Harvey Lectures, Series 38, Lancaster , Pa., The Science Press, 1943-1944. 5. Heinbecker, P.: The Pathogenesis of Cushing's Syndrome , Medicine 23:225, 1944. 6. Kepler, E. J.: The Relationship of "Crooke's Changes" in the Basophilic Cells of the Anterior Pituitary Body to Cushing's Syndrome (Pituitary Basophilism) , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 5:70, 1945. 7. Soffer, L. J.: Diseases of the Adrenals , Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1946. 8. Soffer, L. J.: Clinical and Experimental Studies on Adrenal Cortical Hyperfunction , Bull. New York Acad. Med. 24:32, 1948. 9. Bauer, T., and Wassing, H.: Zur Frage der Adipositas hypophysaria (Basophiles Adenoma der Hypophyse) , Wien. klin. Wchnschr. 26:1236, 1913. 10. Bishop, P. M. F., and Close, M. B.: A Case of Basophile Adenoma of the Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary: "Cushing's Syndrome," Guy's Hosp. Rep. 82:143, 1932. 11. Wright, C. A., and Courville, C.: Pituitary Basophilism: A Discussion of Additional Factors in Relation to 4 Cases , M. Rec. 141:191, 1935. 12. Freyberg, R. H.; Barker, P. S.; Newburg, L. H., and Coller, F. A.: Pituitary Basophilism (Cushing's Syndrome): Report of a Verified Case with a Discussion of the Differential Diagnosis and Treatment , Arch. Int. Med. 58:187, 1936. 13. Shoykhet, A. I., and Palchewsky, E. I.: Cushing's Syndrome , Klin. med. 15:1113, 1937. 14. Chute, A. L.; Robinson, G. C., and Donahue, W. L.: Cushing's Syndrome in Children , J. Pediat. 34:20, 1949. 15. Powell, L. W. Jr.; Newman, S., and Hooker, J. W.: Cushing's Syndrome: Report of a Case in an Infant 12 Weeks Old , A. M. A. Am. J. Dis. Child. 90:417, 1955. 16. Russell, D.: Histological Technique for Intracranial Tumors , London, Oxford University Press, 1939, p. 39. 17. Bullock, W., and Sequeira, J. H.: On the Relation of the Suprarenal Capsules to the Sexual Organs , Tr. Path. Soc. London 56:189, 1905. 18. Kennedy, C. M., and Lister, W. A.: Case of Suprarenal Hypernephroma , Lancet 2:749, 1927. 19. Schweizer, F.; Senet, O., and Llambías, A.: Un caso de hirsutismo , Arch. argent. de pediat. 1:550, 1930. 20. Van der Bogert, F.: Virilism and Hypertension in Infancy Associated with Adrenal Tumor , J. Pediat. 3:629, 1933. 21. Little, A. A.: Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex , J. Pediat. 9:62, 1936. 22. Rasmussen, A. T.: The Relation of the Basophilic Cells of the Human Hypophysis to Blood Pressure , Endocrinology 20:673, 1936. 23. Crooke, A. C., and Callow, R. K.: Differential Diagnosis of Forms of Basophilism (Cushing's Syndrome), Particularly by Estimation of Urinary Androgens , Quart. J. Med. 8:233, 1939. 24. Gross, R. E.: Neoplasms Producing Endocrine Disturbance in Childhood , Am. J. Dis. Child. 59:579, 1940. 25. Farber, J. E.; Gustina, F. J., and Postoloff, A. V.: Cushing's Syndrome in Children: Review of the Literature and Report of a Case , Am. J. Dis. Child. 65:593, 1943.Crossref 26. Glanzmann, E.: Interrenale Syndrome im Kindesalter , Ann. Pædiat. 171:335, 1948. 27. Walters, W., and Sprague, R. G.: Hyperfunctioning Tumors of the Adrenal Cortex: Study of 9 Cases , J. A. M. A. 141:653, 1949.Crossref 28. Forbes, A. P., and Albright, F.: Comparison of 17-Ketosteroid Excretion in Cushing's Syndrome Associated with Adrenal Tumors and with Adrenal Hyperplasia , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 11:926, 1951.Crossref 29. Wilkins, L.: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence , Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1950. 30. Garrett, R. A.: Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma in Children , J. Urol. 66:477, 1951. 31. Talbot, N. B.; Sobel, E. H.; McArthur, J. W., and Crawford, J. D.: Functional Endocrinology from Birth Through Adolescence , Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1952, pp. 236, 239. 32. Harrison, R. J., and Abelson, D.: Carcinoma of the Adrenal Cortex with Endocrine Manifestations: Report of a Case , Brit. Med. J. 1:303, 1952.Crossref 33. Picard, R.; Horeau, J.; Kerneis, J.; Hardy, M.; Guinot, U., and Ranger, J.: Tumeur cortico-surrénale chez un garçon de 14 ans avec hyperfolliculinisme: Confrontations cliniques et biologiques, Bull. et mém . Soc. méd. hôp. Paris 68: 72, 1952. 34. Wilkins, L., and Ravitch, M. M.: Adrenocortical Tumor Arising in the Liver of a 3 Year Old Boy with Signs of Virilism and Cushing's Syndrome: Report of a Case with Cure After Partial Resection of Right Lobe of Liver , Pediatrics 9:671, 1952. 35. Davies, D. M.: Cushing's Syndrome in a Child of 2½ Years , Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 46: 307, 1953. 36. Grob, M.; Prader, A., and Zollinger, H. U.: Klassisches Cushing-Syndrom bei einem 4 jährigen Madchen: Heilung nach Entfernung eines Nebennierenkarzinoms , Helvet, paediat. Acta 8:202, 1953. 37. Falk, W.: Klinsche Beiträge zum Cushing Syndrom im Kindesalter , Helvet. paediat. Acta 8:216, 1953. 38. Févre, M. J.; See G. Hebert, S., and Watche, M. J.: Syndrome d'Apert-Cushing par tumeur maligne surrénale avec absence de la glande surrénale opposée , Semaine hôp. Paris 31:282, 1955. 39. Linser: Über Beziehungen zwischen Nebennieren and Körperswachsthum besonders Riesenwuchs , Beitr. klin. Chir. 36:282, 1903. 40. Ogle, J. W.: Unusually Large Mass of Carcinomatous Deposit in One of the Suprarenal Capsules of a Child , Tr. Path. Soc. London 16: 250, 1864-1868. 41. Pitman: General Melasma and Short Hair over the Entire Body of a Child of 3 Years with Conversion of the Left Suprarenal Capsule into a Large Malignant Tumor, the External Organs of Generation, Resembling Those of Adult Life , Lancet 1:175, 1865.Crossref 42. Weisse, K.: Ein Cushing-Syndrom bei einem 20 Monate alten Mädchen , Ztschr. Kinderh. 65:9, 1947.Crossref 43. Allibone, E. C.; Baar, H. S., and Cant, W. H. P.: The Interrenal Syndrome in Childhood , Arch. Dis. Childhood 22:210, 147.Crossref 44. Fox, T. C.: Case of Primary Sarcoma of the Left Suprarenal Capsule with Extensive Thrombosis of the Vena Cava Inferior in a Child , Tr. Path. Soc. London 36:460, 1884-1885. 45. Birrell, J. A.: Suprarenal Virilism , Bristol Med.-Chir. J. 49:119, 1932. 46. Neurath, R.: Vorzeitige Geschlechtsentwicklung (Menstruatio praecox) , Wien. Med. Wchnschr. 59:1301, 1909. 47. Richards, O.: Growth of the Kidney and Adrenals , Guy's Hosp. Rep. 59:217, 1905. 48. Lundh, G.: Case of Hypernephroma Malignum with Virilism in a Girl of 3½ Years , Acta. Pediat. 9:118, 1929.Crossref 49. Kis-Varday, G.: Durch Adrenosympathikoblastom hervorgerufenes Cushing-Syndrom , Fortschr. Geb. Röntgenstrahlen 82:610, 1955.Crossref 50. Eik-Nes, K.; Sandberg, A. A.; Nelson, D. H.; Tyler, F. H., and Samuels, L. T.: Changes in Plasma Levels of 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids During Intravenous Administration of ACTH: Test of Adrenocortical Capacity in Human , J. Clin. Invest. 33:1502, 1954.Crossref 51. Jenkins, D.; Forsham, P. H.; Laidlaw, J. C.; Reddy, W. J., and Thorn, G. W.: Use of ACTH in Diagnosis of Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency , Am. J. Med. 18:3, 1955.Crossref 52. Bartter, F. C.; Albright, F.; Forbes, A. P.; Linf, A.; Dempsey, E., and Carroll, E.: Effects of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Cortisone in Adrenogenital Syndrome Associated with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Attempt to Explain and Correct Its Disordered Hormonal Pattern , J. Clin. Invest. 30:237, 1951.Crossref 53. Wilkins, L.: Diagnosis of Adrenogenital Syndrome and Its Treatment with Cortisone , J. Pediat. 41:860, 1952.Crossref 54. Jailer, J. W.; Gold, J. J., and Wallace, E. Z.: Evaluation of Cortisone Test as Diagnostic Aid in Differentiating Adrenal Hyperplasia from Adrenal Neoplasia , Am. J. Med. 16:340, 1954.Crossref 55. Grumbach, M. M.; Bongiovanni, A. M.; Eberlein, W. R.; Van Wyk, J. J., and Wilkins, L.: Cushing's Syndrome with Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Study of the Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids and the Response to ACTH , Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 96:116, 1955. 56. Laidlaw, J. C.; Reddy, W. J.; Jenkins, D.; Haydar, N. A.; Renold, A. E., and Thorn, G. W.: Advances in the Diagnosis of Altered States of Adrenocortical Function , New England J. Med. 253:747, 1955.Crossref 57. Lindsay, A. E.; Migeon, C. J.; Nugent, C. A., and Brown, H.: The Diagnostic Value of Plasma and Urinary 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid Determinations in Cushing's Syndrome , Am. J. Med. 20:15, 1956.Crossref 58. Burnett, R.; Rukes, M.; Kolb, F., and Forsham, P. H.: Functional Diagnosis of Different States of Adrenocortical Hyperactivity; abstracted , J. Clin. Endocrinol. 14:775, 1954. 59. Talbot, N. B.; Butler, A. M., and MacLachlan, E. A.: Alpha and Beta Neutral Ketosteroids (Androgens) , New England J. Med. 223: 369, 1940.Crossref 60. Crooke, A. C.: A Change in the Basophil Cells of the Pituitary Gland Common to Conditions Which Exhibit the Syndrome Attributed to Basophil Adenoma , J. Path. & Bact. 41:339, 1935. 61. Eisenhardt, L., and Thompson, K. W.: A Brief Consideration of the Present Status of So-Called Pituitary Basophilism: With a Tabulation of Verified Cases , Yale J. Biol. & Med. 11:507, 1939. 62. Heinbecker, P., and Pfeiffenberger, M., Jr.: Further Clinical and Experimental Studies in Pathogenesis of Cushing's Syndrome , Am. J. Med. 9:3, 1950. 63. Dubreuil, G., and Anderodias, J.: Ilôts de Langerhans géants chez un nouveauné: Issue de mère glycosurique , Comp. rend. Soc. de biol. Paris 83:1490, 1920. 64. Miller, H. C., and Wilson, H. M.: Macrosomia, Cardiac Hypertrophy, Erythroblastosis and Hyperplasia of the Islets of Langerhans in Infants Born to Diabetic Mothers , J. Pediat. 23: 251, 1943. 65. Miller, H. C.: Effect of Diabetic and Prediabetic Pregnancies on the Fetus and Newborn Infant , J. Pediat. 29:455, 1946. 66. Miller, H. C.: Cardiac Hypertrophy and Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in Newborn Infants of Prediabetic Mothers , Am. J. M. Sc. 209: 447, 1945.Crossref 67. Liebegott, G.: Zur Pathogenese des Hydrops congenitus , Beitr. path. Anat. 101:319, 1938. 68. Schretter, G., and Nevinny, H.: Zur Histopathologie der Zuckerkrankheit bei Neugeborenen und Säuglingen , Arch. Gynäk. 143:465, 1930.Crossref 69. Bauer, J. T., and Royster, H. A.: Hypoglycemia, Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia of the Islands of Langerhans in Newborn Infants Following Maternal Diabetes: Report of a Case Associated with Tetany and Review of Literature , Bull. Ayer Clin. Lab. Pennsylvania Hosp. 3:109, 1937. 70. Okkels, H., and Brandstup, E.: Studies on Thyroid Gland; Pancreas; Hypophysis and Thyroid in Children of Diabetic Mothers , Acta. path. et microbiol. scandinav. 15:268, 1938.Crossref 71. Smyth, F. S., and Olney, M. B.: Diabetes and Pregnancy: Observations on Offspring and Pathologic Report , J. Pediat. 13:772, 1938.Crossref 72. Benner, M. C.: Stimulation of Gonads Associated with Hyperinsulinism in Infant , Arch. Path. 32:818, 1941.

Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1956

There are no references for this article.