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A Longitudinal Study of the Babinski and Plantar Grasp Reflexes in Infancy

A Longitudinal Study of the Babinski and Plantar Grasp Reflexes in Infancy Abstract Numerous writers have attested to the fact that the Babinski toe sign may be present in normal children up to 3 years of age. Most of the observations have been made on series of children of different ages rather than on repeated tests on the same children as they passed through successive ages. To the thusobserved incidence of Babinski reactions in normal infants have become appended a number of surmises: It is generally inferred that in any individual infant the Babinski sign may be present at birth and may then remain demonstrable for an unpredictable time until it permanently disappears, before the age of 2 or 3 years. It is usually agreed that this early present sign is due to lack, or irregularity, of myelinization of nerve fibers and that the disappearance of the sign marks the maturation of myelinization. It has been repeatedly stated that the References 1. Parmelee, A. H.: The Management of the Newborn , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1952. 2. Babinski, M. J.: Sur le Réflexe cutané plantaire dans certaines affections organiques du systéme nerveux central , Compt. rend. Soc. biol 3:207-208, 1896. 3. Babinski, M. J.: Du Phénomène des orteils , Semaine méd. 18:321-322, 1898. 4. Wartenberg, R.: The Babinski Reflex After 50 Years , J. A. M. A. 135:763-767 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947.Crossref 5. Ford, F. R.: Disease of the Nervous System in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence , Ed. 3, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1952. 6. Spurling, R. G.: Practical Neurologic Diagnosis , Ed. 5, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1955. 7. Brain, W. F.: Diseases of the Nervous System , Ed. 4, London, Oxford University Press, 1951. 8. Alpers, B. J.: Clinical Neurology , Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Company, 1946. 9. De Anglis, F.: Reflexes of the New-Born, Am. J. Dis. Child. 26:211-215 ( (Sept.) ) 1923. 10. Chaddock, C. G.: A Preliminary Communication Concerning a New Diagnostic Sign , Interstate M. J. 18:742-746 ( (July) ) 1911. 11. Gordon, A.: A New Reflex: Paradoxic Flexor; Its Diagnostic Value , Am. Med. 8:971 ( (Dec. 3) ) 1904. 12. Oppenheim, H.: Zur Pathologie der Hautreflexe an dem unteren Extremitëten , Monatsschr. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 12:421-423; 518-530, 1902.Crossref 13. Halverson, H. M.: Studies on the Grasping Responses in Early Infancy , J. Genet. Psychol. 51:371-446 ( (June) ) 1937. 14. McGraw, M. B.: The Neuromuscular Maturation of the Human Infant , Morningside Heights, N. J., Columbia University Press, 1943. 15. Burr, C. W.: The Reflexes in Early Infancy , Am. J. Dis. Child. 21:529-533 ( (June) ) 1921. 16. Buchanan, D.: The Child in Health and Disease (Grulee & Eley), Ed. 2, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1952, pp. 783. 17. Richter, C. P.: The Grasping Reflex in the New-Born Monkey , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:784-790 ( (Oct.) ) 1931. 18. Morse, J. L.: A Study of the Plantar Reflex in Infancy , Pediatrics 11:13-17 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1901. 19. Feldman, W. M.: The Nature of the Plantar Reflex in Early Life and the Causes of Its Variation , Am. J. Dis. Child. 23:1-40 ( (Jan.) ) 1922. 20. Brain, W. R., and Curran, R. D.: The Grasp Reflex of the Foot , Brain 55:347-356 ( (Sept.) ) 1932. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children American Medical Association

A Longitudinal Study of the Babinski and Plantar Grasp Reflexes in Infancy

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References (16)

Publisher
American Medical Association
Copyright
Copyright © 1957 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
ISSN
0096-6916
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.1957.04030040051007
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract Numerous writers have attested to the fact that the Babinski toe sign may be present in normal children up to 3 years of age. Most of the observations have been made on series of children of different ages rather than on repeated tests on the same children as they passed through successive ages. To the thusobserved incidence of Babinski reactions in normal infants have become appended a number of surmises: It is generally inferred that in any individual infant the Babinski sign may be present at birth and may then remain demonstrable for an unpredictable time until it permanently disappears, before the age of 2 or 3 years. It is usually agreed that this early present sign is due to lack, or irregularity, of myelinization of nerve fibers and that the disappearance of the sign marks the maturation of myelinization. It has been repeatedly stated that the References 1. Parmelee, A. H.: The Management of the Newborn , Chicago, The Year Book Publishers, Inc., 1952. 2. Babinski, M. J.: Sur le Réflexe cutané plantaire dans certaines affections organiques du systéme nerveux central , Compt. rend. Soc. biol 3:207-208, 1896. 3. Babinski, M. J.: Du Phénomène des orteils , Semaine méd. 18:321-322, 1898. 4. Wartenberg, R.: The Babinski Reflex After 50 Years , J. A. M. A. 135:763-767 ( (Nov. 22) ) 1947.Crossref 5. Ford, F. R.: Disease of the Nervous System in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence , Ed. 3, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1952. 6. Spurling, R. G.: Practical Neurologic Diagnosis , Ed. 5, Springfield, Ill., Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1955. 7. Brain, W. F.: Diseases of the Nervous System , Ed. 4, London, Oxford University Press, 1951. 8. Alpers, B. J.: Clinical Neurology , Philadelphia, F. A. Davis Company, 1946. 9. De Anglis, F.: Reflexes of the New-Born, Am. J. Dis. Child. 26:211-215 ( (Sept.) ) 1923. 10. Chaddock, C. G.: A Preliminary Communication Concerning a New Diagnostic Sign , Interstate M. J. 18:742-746 ( (July) ) 1911. 11. Gordon, A.: A New Reflex: Paradoxic Flexor; Its Diagnostic Value , Am. Med. 8:971 ( (Dec. 3) ) 1904. 12. Oppenheim, H.: Zur Pathologie der Hautreflexe an dem unteren Extremitëten , Monatsschr. Psychiat. u. Neurol. 12:421-423; 518-530, 1902.Crossref 13. Halverson, H. M.: Studies on the Grasping Responses in Early Infancy , J. Genet. Psychol. 51:371-446 ( (June) ) 1937. 14. McGraw, M. B.: The Neuromuscular Maturation of the Human Infant , Morningside Heights, N. J., Columbia University Press, 1943. 15. Burr, C. W.: The Reflexes in Early Infancy , Am. J. Dis. Child. 21:529-533 ( (June) ) 1921. 16. Buchanan, D.: The Child in Health and Disease (Grulee & Eley), Ed. 2, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Company, 1952, pp. 783. 17. Richter, C. P.: The Grasping Reflex in the New-Born Monkey , Arch. Neurol. & Psychiat. 26:784-790 ( (Oct.) ) 1931. 18. Morse, J. L.: A Study of the Plantar Reflex in Infancy , Pediatrics 11:13-17 ( (Jan. 1) ) 1901. 19. Feldman, W. M.: The Nature of the Plantar Reflex in Early Life and the Causes of Its Variation , Am. J. Dis. Child. 23:1-40 ( (Jan.) ) 1922. 20. Brain, W. R., and Curran, R. D.: The Grasp Reflex of the Foot , Brain 55:347-356 ( (Sept.) ) 1932.

Journal

A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of ChildrenAmerican Medical Association

Published: Sep 1, 1957

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