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A Practical Approach to Adolescent Bone Health

Editors: Pitts, Sarah; Gordon, Catherine M.

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-72880-3

ISBN: 978-3-319-72879-7

Publisher: Springer International Publishing - Springer Journals

Feb 10, 2018

1 - 10 of 14 Chapters

LitStream

Chapter 1Optimizing Bone Mass Accrual in Healthy Adolescents

Loud, Keith J.

Pages: 1 –9

[Adolescence provides a uniquely important period of opportunity to improve skeletal health across the lifespan, potentially even reducing the lifetime risk of osteoporosis. Because inherited factors account for as much as 80% of predicted peak bone mass, the relatively few factors amenable to...
LitStream

Chapter 2Normal Bone Physiology 101

Renthal, Nora E.; Ma, Nina S.

Pages: 11 –25

[Adolescence is a critical time for bone growth and development, when a significant amount of bone is deposited, contributing to peak bone mass in adulthood. There is a dynamic interplay between sex steroids, growth hormone, and mechanical loading during adolescence. At the cellular level, this...
LitStream

Chapter 3Optimizing Nutrition to Promote Adolescent Bone Health

Altschwager, Deena; Sonneville, Kendrin R.

Pages: 27 –51

[There are many nutrients that contribute to adolescent bone health. The Dietary Reference Intakes, or DRIs, provide reference values for each of these nutrients to ensure that adolescents meet their needs. To support bone health, adolescents need to consume adequate amounts of protein, without...
LitStream

Chapter 4Physical Activity to Promote Bone Health in Adolescents

Warden, Stuart J.; Fuchs, Robyn K.

Pages: 53 –76

[Physical activity (PA) and inactivity during adolescence have implications for short- and long-term bone health. Given the mechanical role of the skeleton, it follows that skeletal tissue can respond and adapt to its mechanical environment. The time prior to and including physical maturation...
LitStream

Chapter 5The Bone Health History and Physical Examination in Adolescents

Boyce, Alison M.

Pages: 77 –91

[The adolescent skeleton is a dynamic organ that is impacted by a wide variety of biological, hormonal, and behavioral processes. The bone-focused history and physical examination (H&P) is the primary care clinician’s best tool for eliciting the complex information needed to evaluate bone health...
LitStream

Chapter 6Bone Health Laboratory Assessments

Neyman, Anna; DiMeglio, Linda A.

Pages: 93 –109

[Ensuring optimal bone accrual and assessing bone health measures when concerns arise are important aspects of adolescent health care. This chapter reviews laboratory assessments which may be considered, including available normative data, which laboratory assessments are most useful in the...
LitStream

Chapter 7Imaging to Evaluate Bone Health

Kalkwarf, Heidi J.

Pages: 111 –126

[Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are an important part of a bone health assessment, and DXA scans of the lumbar spine and whole body are recommended for adolescents. Bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD are expressed as age-, sex-, and...
LitStream

Chapter 8Bone Health in Adolescents with Multiple Fractures

Nathe, Kristen Miller; Denning, Jaime Rice

Pages: 127 –142

[Multiple fractures can be a common occurrence in adolescence, especially in the active teenager. It is important to understand what is considered abnormal, the work-up for abnormal fractures, the mechanism of fracture healing, and the risk factors for re-fracture. A differential diagnosis is...
LitStream

Chapter 9Bone Health in Adolescents with Eating Disorders

Golden, Neville H.

Pages: 143 –155

[Impaired bone health with increased bone fragility is a potentially irreversible complication of eating disorders. Onset of an eating disorder is usually during adolescence, the critical time when peak bone mass is accrued. Adolescents with eating disorders have reduced bone mineral accrual, as...
LitStream

Chapter 10Bone Health of Adolescent Athletes

Ernest, Kristin M.; Martinie, Rebecca G.; Dobkins, Sarah; Hergenroeder, Albert C.

Pages: 157 –178

[Bone health is important for adolescent athletes to be able to participate safely and effectively in their chosen sport. In general, weight-bearing exercise is associated with increased bone strength and density, but when exercise is excessive or in the setting of energy expenditure exceeding...

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